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24 Cards in this Set

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What are some red flags that the problem is not musculoskeletal?
No change in pain with change in activity or position, symptoms that seem out of proportion to the injury, symptoms that persist beyond the expected timeframe, presence of night pain, frequent or severe abdominal pain, pain or heaviness in chest, etc.
How many signs of symptom magnification are significant?
3 of 5 must be positive.
What is type 1 of Waddell's signs?
Tenderness. 1. Superficial- skin is sensitive to light pinch over a wide area of lumbar skin.

2. Non-anatomic- deep tenderness over a wide area.
What is type 2 of Waddell's signs?
Stimulation
1. Axial loading
2. Simulated rotation
What is type 3 Waddell's sign?
Distraction
1. Flip test
2. Hoover test
What is type 4 Waddell's sign?
Regional
1. Cogwheel resistance
2. Sensory
3. Widespread complaints
What is type 5 of Waddell's signs?
Overreaction/hypersensitivity
ROM for lumbar flexion?
80*
ROM for lumbar extension?
25*
ROM for lumbar SB?
35*
ROM for lumbar rotation?
45*
C5
A. Reduced strength?
B. Dermatomes?
C. Reflex?
A. Biceps, deltoid
B. Lateral humerus
C. Biceps reflex
C6
A. Reduced strength?
B. Dermatomes?
C. Reduced reflex?
A. Biceps, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis.
B. Radial aspect of forearm and 1st and 2nd digits.
C. Brachioradialis
C7
A. Reduced strength?
B. Dermatomes?
C. Reduced reflex?
A. Triceps, flexor carpi radialis, and extensor digitorium
B. Middle finger dorsally
C. Triceps
C8
A. Reduced strength?
B. Dermatomes?
C. Reduced reflex?
A. Thumb ext, finger flexors
B. Ulnar aspect of hand
C. None
T1
A. Reduced strength?
B. Dermatomes?
C. Reduced reflex?
A. Finger ABD
B. Ulnar aspect of forearm
C. None
L1-L2
A. Reduced strength?
B. Dermatomes?
C. Reduced reflex?
A. Hip flexion
B. Anterior upper thigh
C. None
L3
A.
B.
C.
A. Quads
B. Anterior lower thigh
C. None
L4
A.
B.
C.
A. Anterior Tibialis
B. Medial leg and foot
C. Quads/patellar
L5
A.
B.
C.
A. Extensor hallicus longus
B. Lateral leg and dorsum of foot
C. None
S1
A.
B.
C.
A. Peroneals, gastroc, and Soleus
B. Lateral foot
C. Achilles tendon
S2
A.
B.
C.
A. Knee flexion
B. Posterior medial heel
C. None
What is the foraminal compression test?
The examiner applies a downward pressure while subject laterally flexes head. Test is + if pain into UE on same side head is flexed. Indicates pressure on a nerve root.
What is the vertebral artery test?
Pt in supine examiner slowly extends rotates and laterally flexes cervical spine. + if dizziness, nystagmus, slurred speech, or loss of consciousness.