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326 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. David often came to school with no jacket on cold days, no lunch, and lingering illnesses, though his mother appeared to be healthy and well dressed. David was a victim of _______ __ _____ _______.
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David often came to school with no jacket on cold days, no lunch, and lingering illnesses, though his mother appeared to be healthy and well dressed. David was a victim of (NEGLECT or CHILD NEGLECT).
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2. The band of nerve fibers connecting the two halves of the brain is known as the ______ ________.
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The band of nerve fibers connecting the two halves of the brain is known as the (CORPUS CALLOSUM).
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3. ______________ is the term used to describe the specialization of the brain so that one side of the body or brain is dominant for certain functions.
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(LATERALIZATION) is the term used to describe the specialization of the brain so that one side of the body or brain is dominant for certain functions.
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4. With ________ prevention, we try to halt ongoing maltreatment and treat the child.
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With (TERTIARY) prevention, we try to halt ongoing maltreatment and treat the child.
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5. The text mentions two types of words that young children have a lot of trouble comprehending. One is comparisons and the other is _____________ of place and time.
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The text mentions two types of words that young children have a lot of trouble comprehending. One is comparisons and the other is (RELATIONSHIPS) of place and time.
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6. With _________ prevention, we try to intervene during a high-risk situation to keep it from getting any worse.
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With (SECONDARY) prevention, we try to intervene during a high-risk situation to keep it from getting any worse.
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7. The special program developed to focus on structured, individualized projects designed to give children a sense of accomplishment was developed by _____ __________.
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The special program developed to focus on structured, individualized projects designed to give children a sense of accomplishment was developed by (MARIA MONTESSORI).
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8. The average weight for a typical 6-year-old is between __ and __ pounds.
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The average weight for a typical 6-year-old is between (40) and (50) pounds.
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9. In the United States, the leading cause of childhood death is _________.
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In the United States, the leading cause of childhood death is (ACCIDENTS).
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10. The set of skills a person can perform with assistance but not independently is considered to be within the person's ____ __ ________ ___________.
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The set of skills a person can perform with assistance but not independently is considered to be within the person's (ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT).
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11. A preschool program designed to prepare children to be “ready to learn” when they enter elementary school is called _______-________.
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A preschool program designed to prepare children to be “ready to learn” when they enter elementary school is called (TEACHER-DIRECTED).
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12. The four aspects of preoperational thought include centration, focus on appearance, irreversibility, and ______ _________.
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The four aspects of preoperational thought include centration, focus on appearance, irreversibility, and (STATIC REASONING).
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13. The early childhood education program started in 1965 to bridge the early learning experiences of disadvantaged children with the learning experiences of their more advantaged peers is known as ____ _____.
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The early childhood education program started in 1965 to bridge the early learning experiences of disadvantaged children with the learning experiences of their more advantaged peers is known as (HEAD START).
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14. Jana always chooses the taller glass of grape juice when her older brother pours them both a glass of juice. In this process, Jana is demonstrating that she has not yet mastered the concept of ____________.
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Jana always chooses the taller glass of grape juice when her older brother pours them both a glass of juice. In this process, Jana is demonstrating that she has not yet mastered the concept of (CONSERVATION).
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15. Four-year-old children go through a change in thinking that allows them to understand that just because they believe something does not necessarily mean that it is true. This change is called ______ __ ____.
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Four-year-old children go through a change in thinking that allows them to understand that just because they believe something does not necessarily mean that it is true. This change is called (THEORY OF MIND).
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16. Another name or term to describe centration is ___________.
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Another name or term to describe centration is (EGOCENTRISM).
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17. When relatives care for the mistreated child, it is referred to as _______ ____.
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When relatives care for the mistreated child, it is referred to as (KINSHIP CARE).
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18. Children ages _-_ have been shown to be more interested in asking questions about the purpose of things and about human behavior, rather than about inanimate objects.
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Children ages (3-5) have been shown to be more interested in asking questions about the purpose of things and about human behavior, rather than about inanimate objects.
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19. Young Sophie has been troubled by frightening nightmares lately. The part of her brain that registers her fear is the ________.
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Young Sophie has been troubled by frightening nightmares lately. The part of her brain that registers her fear is the (AMYGDALA).
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20. Myelination results in more rapid ____________ of neural impulses.
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Myelination results in more rapid (TRANSMISSION) of neural impulses.
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21. With _______ prevention, we try to prevent maltreatment from ever occurring.
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With (PRIMARY) prevention, we try to prevent maltreatment from ever occurring.
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22. The view of the child as an apprentice in thinking was originated through the work of ________.
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The view of the child as an apprentice in thinking was originated through the work of (VYGOTSKY).
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23. Learning vocabulary by connecting a new word to words and categories that are already understood is called ____-_______.
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Learning vocabulary by connecting a new word to words and categories that are already understood is called (FAST-MAPPING).
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24. The brain part that allows children to coordinate functions that involve both halves of the body is the ______ ________.
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The brain part that allows children to coordinate functions that involve both halves of the body is the (CORPUS CALLOSUM).
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25. Developmental programs, designed to meet children's development and growth needs, are also referred to as _____-________.
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Developmental programs, designed to meet children's development and growth needs, are also referred to as (CHILD-CENTERED).
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1. The underlying factor allowing the development of theory of mind is static reasoning.
A) True B) False |
B – False
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2. The introduction of formal preschool education has only happened in the last hundred years.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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3. A major reason why the body of a 6-year-old more closely resembles an adult's body than a toddler's body is because the child's center of gravity has dropped from the breastbone to the belly button.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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4. The Montessori schools focus on using materials and projects in such a way that children would get a strong sense of accomplishment.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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5. Child neglect is a type of child maltreatment.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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6. By age 6 years, most children have nearly adultlike proportions; that is, they no longer have the large heads, short limbs, and protruding stomachs characteristic of toddlers.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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7. Vygotsky believed that the nature of the child was primarily egocentric.
A) True B) False |
B – False
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8. Bilingual children under age 6 usually site one language in the left hemisphere of their brains and the other language in the right hemisphere.
A) True B) False |
B – False
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9. Vygotsky believed cognitive growth was a process of individual discovery, propelled by experience and biological maturation.
A) True B) False |
B – False
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10. By age 5 years, the brain has attained about half of its adult weight.
A) True B) False |
B – False
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11. Preoperational thought involves self-centered imagination rather than logic.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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12. Failure to provide adequate food to a child is considered a type of abuse.
A) True B) False |
B – False
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13. The charting of new vocabulary words by associating them with already known words is called fast-mapping.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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14. The left side of the brain controls the right side of the body.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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15. The prefrontal cortex may be considered the executive of the brain because it rules all other areas of the cortex.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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16. Children with autism have been shown to be impaired in theory of mind.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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17. The 2-year-old brain weighs about 75 percent of its adult weight.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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18. Adoption is usually the best solution for young children in inadequate families.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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19. Bilingual children often acquire reading at a faster rate than children who only speak one language.
A) True B) False |
B – False
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20. Teacher-directed preschool programs are similar in nature to the Reggio Emilia approach.
A) True B) False |
B – False
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21. Egocentrism is Piaget's terminology for describing the concept of centration, in which the child thinks about the world from his own personal perspective.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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22. During childhood, the odds of dying in an accident are about four times greater than the odds of dying due to cancer.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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23. Theory of mind develops more quickly when a child has an older sibling.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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24. The development of theory of mind has been demonstrated across cultures.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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25. The temporary, sensitive structuring that others provide to the developing child in learning encounters is known as the zone of proximal development.
A) True B) False |
B – False
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1. A form of active play where children act out various roles and plots is called _____________ play.
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A form of active play where children act out various roles and plots is called (SOCIODRAMATIC) play.
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2. By the age of 3, ___ __ ___ or more of all children in the United States have a television in their bedrooms.
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By the age of 3, (1/4th or 25%) or more of all children in the United States have a television in their bedrooms.
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3. Beatrice is well-liked by her peers, articulate, and generous. The parenting style of her mother and father is most likely _____________.
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Beatrice is well-liked by her peers, articulate, and generous. The parenting style of her mother and father is most likely (AUTHORITATIVE).
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4. The fifth type of play identified by Mildred Parten (1932), which characterizes children playing together and taking turns, is called ___________.
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The fifth type of play identified by Mildred Parten (1932), which characterizes children playing together and taking turns, is called (COOPERATIVE).
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5. Freud called the period from age 3 to 6 the _______ stage.
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Freud called the period from age 3 to 6 the (PHALLIC) stage.
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6. ____-___ is a method of discipline that requires the child to stop all activity and sit quietly for a few minutes.
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(TIME-OUT) is a method of discipline that requires the child to stop all activity and sit quietly for a few minutes.
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7. The term used to describe a balance within one person of traditionally masculine and feminine psychological characteristics is called _________.
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The term used to describe a balance within one person of traditionally masculine and feminine psychological characteristics is called (ANDROGYNY).
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8. According to Freudian theory, children resolve the Oedipus and Electra complexes by means of ______________, a defense mechanism through which children ally themselves with their same-sex parent.
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According to Freudian theory, children resolve the Oedipus and Electra complexes by means of (IDENTIFICATION), a defense mechanism through which children ally themselves with their same-sex parent.
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9. According to psychoanalytic theory, the part of the personality that internalizes moral standards of an individual's parents is the ________.
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According to psychoanalytic theory, the part of the personality that internalizes moral standards of an individual's parents is the (SUPEREGO).
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10. The most common type of active play is called _____ ___ ______.
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The most common type of active play is called (ROUGH AND TUMBLE).
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11. The type of play characterized by children playing with similar toys in similar ways but not together is called ________ play.
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The type of play characterized by children playing with similar toys in similar ways but not together is called (PARALLEL) play.
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12. A person who attends college to please his or her parents as opposed to going to college to learn for one's own sake is exhibiting _________ motivation.
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A person who attends college to please his or her parents as opposed to going to college to learn for one's own sake is exhibiting (EXTRINSIC) motivation.
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13. Children tend to prefer to play with playmates of the ____ age.
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Children tend to prefer to play with playmates of the (SAME) age.
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14. In a classic experiment with children designed to look at __________, the results revealed that extrinsic motivation undercuts intrinsic motivation.
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In a classic experiment with children designed to look at (MOTIVATION), the results revealed that extrinsic motivation undercuts intrinsic motivation.
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15. According to Erik Erikson, the crisis experienced by children during the play years is __________ versus guilt.
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According to Erik Erikson, the crisis experienced by children during the play years is (INITIATIVE) versus guilt.
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16. Children over the age of _ and under the age of _ are the most likely to be slapped, spanked, or beaten.
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Children over the age of (2) and under the age of (6) are the most likely to be slapped, spanked, or beaten.
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17. During childhood, children are more likely to lose friends as a result of __________ aggression than any other type of aggression.
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During childhood, children are more likely to lose friends as a result of (RELATIONAL) aggression than any other type of aggression.
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18. John accidentally knocked over Casey's block tower, so Casey hit him. Casey was displaying ________ aggression.
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John accidentally knocked over Casey's block tower, so Casey hit him. Casey was displaying (REACTIVE) aggression.
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19. An unprovoked attack on a peer is called ________ aggression, whereas aggression used to obtain an object is called ____________ aggression.
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An unprovoked attack on a peer is called (BULLYING) aggression, whereas aggression used to obtain an object is called (INSTRUMENTAL) aggression.
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20. Behavior that is __________ is intended to harm someone else.
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Behavior that is (ANTISOCIAL) is intended to harm someone else.
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21. Based on the results of research conducted on television watching in adolescents, it can be concluded that the element of television most influential on learning is _______.
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Based on the results of research conducted on television watching in adolescents, it can be concluded that the element of television most influential on learning is (CONTENT).
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22. While experiencing Freud's _______ complex, a boy begins to masturbate, fear castration, and develop sexual feelings toward his mother.
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While experiencing Freud's (OEDIPUS) complex, a boy begins to masturbate, fear castration, and develop sexual feelings toward his mother.
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23. The four dimensions of parenting considered by Baumrind are ______, __________, _____________, and ________ expectations.
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The four dimensions of parenting considered by Baumrind are (WARMTH), (DISCIPLINE), (COMMUNICATION), and (MATURITY) expectations.
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24. Children who develop into successful, happy adults who are generous with others tend to be reared by _____________ parents.
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Children who develop into successful, happy adults who are generous with others tend to be reared by (AUTHORITATIVE) parents.
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25. Nevaeh noticed that a new girl in her preschool class was standing alone watching the other children, so she asked the girl if she would like to play with her. Nevaeh was exhibiting _________ ________.
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Nevaeh noticed that a new girl in her preschool class was standing alone watching the other children, so she asked the girl if she would like to play with her. Nevaeh was exhibiting (PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR).
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1. According to cognitive theory, society socializes children in regard to gender differences.
A) True B) False |
B – False
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2. The typical 3-year-old might believe that she can run as fast as her 6-year-old sister can.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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3. According to behaviorists, gender role distinctions are the result of nurture.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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4. Early extreme stress, such as chronic malnourishment, can kill neurons and affect emotional regulation.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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5. Young children typically have low self-esteem since they compare their abilities with those of peers.
A) True B) False |
B – False
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6. Guilt is an emotion of self-blame while shame is a reaction to being blamed.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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7. For a child's behavior to be called prosocial, it should be a self-benefiting social behavior.
A) True B) False |
B – False
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8. Authoritarian parents welcome their children's opinions and are sensitive to their feelings.
A) True B) False |
B – False
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9. Children who are spanked are more likely to use aggression to retaliate against a peer.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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10. Baumrind suggested that the four dimensions of parenting are warmth, discipline, communication, and sharing.
A) True B) False |
B – False
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11. It is the child's intent that defines hurtful behavior as antisocial.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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12. Children who experience physical punishment tend to be less aggressive than other children are.
A) True B) False |
B – False
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13. Rough-and-tumble play, the most common form of active play, is found traditionally and almost exclusively among children living in the United States.
A) True B) False |
B – False
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14. Girls are better at regulating their externalizing emotions than are boys.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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15. Having been spanked as a child is the primary predictor of violent behavior in adulthood.
A) True B) False |
B – False
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16. Preschoolers are likely to overestimate their abilities.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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17. Children usually cannot apply gender labels with any consistency until they are 5 or 6 years old.
A) True B) False |
B – False
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18. Jesse conveyed his gender schema when he told his parents that he is a boy because he can run fast.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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19. Andrew spends hours practicing tying his shoes. He often practices alone with the goal of tying them well. He is extrinsically motivated to tie his shoes.
A) True B) False |
B – False
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20. Instrumental aggression involves forceful behavior that is an angry retaliation for someone else's actions.
A) True B) False |
B – False
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21. Of the types of aggression described, instrumental aggression is common and the most likely to increase from 2 to 6 years of age.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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22. Authoritarian parenting tends to produce conscientious, obedient children.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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23. The five kinds of play identified by Mildred Parten (1932), including solitary, onlooker, parallel, associative, and cooperative, are sequential, such that each subsequent one is more interactive than the previous one.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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24. Parents who make few maturity demands on their children would be considered authoritarian.
A) True B) False |
B – False
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25. Freud believed that homosexuality is evidence of a poorly resolved phallic stage.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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1. A child who has attained Piaget's concrete operational thought has the ability to use _____ in her reasoning.
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A child who has attained Piaget's concrete operational thought has the ability to use (LOGIC) in her reasoning.
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2. The key factor in determining reaction time is the level of maturation of the _____.
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The key factor in determining reaction time is the level of maturation of the (BRAIN).
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3. Many preschoolers fail at simple problem solving because their _________ attention is inconsistent.
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Many preschoolers fail at simple problem solving because their (SELECTIVE) attention is inconsistent.
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4. The best approach level for prevention of asthma is _______ __________.
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The best approach level for prevention of asthma is (PRIMARY PREVENTION).
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5. Federal legislation that mandates standardized tests to measure school achievement is called the __ _____ ____ ______ ___.
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Federal legislation that mandates standardized tests to measure school achievement is called the (NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND ACT).
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6. Poor food _______ is a primary problem underlying childhood obesity.
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Poor food (CHOICES) is a primary problem underlying childhood obesity.
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7. The ability to evaluate a cognitive task to determine what to do and to monitor one's progress while working on the task is called _____________.
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The ability to evaluate a cognitive task to determine what to do and to monitor one's progress while working on the task is called (METACOGNITION).
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8. Two crucial components of memory are _______ and _________.
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Two crucial components of memory are (STORAGE) and (RETRIEVAL).
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9. The new field that studies the development of childhood psychological disorders is developmental _______________.
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The new field that studies the development of childhood psychological disorders is developmental (PSYCHOPATHOLOGY).
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10. The ability to master a certain skill is referred to as a(n) ________.
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The ability to master a certain skill is referred to as a(n) (APTITUDE).
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11. When it comes to sports in which reaction time is crucial, a child's ___ has a more important effect on performance than does sex or body size.
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When it comes to sports in which reaction time is crucial, a child's (AGE) has a more important effect on performance than does sex or body size.
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12. Beginning at about 7 or 8 years of age, the child becomes capable of concrete operational thought and is able to grasp identity, reversibility, and other _______ principles.
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Beginning at about 7 or 8 years of age, the child becomes capable of concrete operational thought and is able to grasp identity, reversibility, and other (LOGICAL) principles.
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13. Large-scale research studies throughout the United States have surprisingly found that _____ ____ has not been a significant factor in student achievement.
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Large-scale research studies throughout the United States have surprisingly found that (CLASS SIZE) has not been a significant factor in student achievement.
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14. Kirby is sorting through his mother's cup of change, making separate piles of pennies, nickels, and dimes. He is utilizing the cognitive skill of ______________.
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Kirby is sorting through his mother's cup of change, making separate piles of pennies, nickels, and dimes. He is utilizing the cognitive skill of (CLASSIFICATION).
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15. The cognitive theory that suggests that the brain closely approximates the workings of a computer is ___________-__________ ______.
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The cognitive theory that suggests that the brain closely approximates the workings of a computer is (INFORMATION-PROCESSING THEORY).
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16. The more high-functioning variation of autism, where the individual's speech is close to normal, is known as ________ syndrome.
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The more high-functioning variation of autism, where the individual's speech is close to normal, is known as (ASPERGER) syndrome.
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17. One leisure activity that is directly correlated with obesity in children is __________ ________.
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One leisure activity that is directly correlated with obesity in children is (TELEVISION WATCHING).
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18. A person with a body mass index (BMI) in the top 5th percentile is called _____.
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A person with a body mass index (BMI) in the top 5th percentile is called (OBESE).
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19. When children are encouraged to write to communicate their ideas and emotions inventing the spelling, they are learning to read by the _____-________ approach.
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When children are encouraged to write to communicate their ideas and emotions inventing the spelling, they are learning to read by the (WHOLE-LANGUAGE) approach.
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20. The original cause of autistic spectrum disorders is __________ __ _______.
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The original cause of autistic spectrum disorders is (BIOLOGICAL or GENETIC).
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21. We should use a(n) ___________ test to measure how much a person knows about a particular subject.
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We should use a(n) (ACHIEVEMENT) test to measure how much a person knows about a particular subject.
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22. The healthiest period of the entire life span is known as ______ _________.
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The healthiest period of the entire life span is known as (MIDDLE CHILDHOOD).
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23. A ________ __________ is a failing in a specific cognitive skill that is not attributable to an overall intellectual slowness, a physical condition, or an environmental problem.
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A (LEARNING DISABILITY) is a failing in a specific cognitive skill that is not attributable to an overall intellectual slowness, a physical condition, or an environmental problem.
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24. Behaviors or thoughts that are repeated frequently require less and less processing capacity because of ______________.
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Behaviors or thoughts that are repeated frequently require less and less processing capacity because of (AUTOMATIZATION).
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25. Certain psychoactive drugs that stimulate adults have a reverse effect on hyperactive children; among these is the drug _______.
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Certain psychoactive drugs that stimulate adults have a reverse effect on hyperactive children; among these is the drug (RITALIN [or ADDERALL]).
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1. Madison's parents suspect she might have dyslexia, so they have scheduled her for the test that can accurately diagnose it.
A) True B) False |
B – False
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2. Long-term memory is virtually limitless by the end of middle childhood.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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3. The autistic-like category which is sometimes called high-functioning autism is known as Asperger syndrome.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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4. Children with dyslexia have trouble reading.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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5. The percentage of overweight children has increased only marginally in the past 20 years.
A) True B) False |
B – False
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6. Shelby spoke to her best friend using slang words; when she turned to speak to her teacher, she used formal English. Shelby was demonstrating metacognition.
A) True B) False |
B – False
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7. Children with learning disabilities always face obstacles throughout their entire lives.
A) True B) False |
B – False
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8. Substantially more children in North America are diagnosed with ADHD than are children in Europe.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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9. A child's reaction time is determined by his or her level of muscular development.
A) True B) False |
B – False
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10. In the school years, children learn up to 20 new words each day.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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11. Parents should not be concerned about the weight of an obese child because the child will usually outgrow the obesity by adolescence.
A) True B) False |
B – False
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12. Math process must be explicitly taught rather than “discovered” by children.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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13. Children from the United States score among the lowest in rankings on math achievement.
A) True B) False |
A – True
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14. The whole-language approach focuses on drilling children on letter sounds before learning words.
A) True B) False |
B – False
|
|
|
15. Pet hair, dust mites, and pollution are the three main causes of asthma.
A) True B) False |
B – False
|
|
|
16. Vygotsky believed that the formal classroom setting is the primary way in which school-age children learn.
A) True B) False |
B – False
|
|
|
17. About 1 out of every 500 children shows autistic traits.
A) True B) False |
B – False
|
|
|
18. Jake made two lines of toys. Trucks were in one line and cars were in the other line. Jake was exhibiting his understanding of classification.
A) True B) False |
A – True
|
|
|
19. “Stranger danger” is implicated in children being dangerously overweight.
A) True B) False |
A – True
|
|
|
20. The process of organizing things into groups according to some property they have in common is known as identity.
A) True B) False |
B – False
|
|
|
21. An intelligence test is an example of an achievement test.
A) True B) False |
B – False
|
|
|
22. About two-thirds of all people score between 85 and 115 on IQ tests.
A) True B) False |
A – True
|
|
|
23. The process by which children change from informal speech when talking with one another to proper speech when talking with teachers and most adults is known as code-switching.
A) True B) False |
A – True
|
|
|
24. Jorge, a student from Spain, is enrolled in an immersion class in the United States. This means that all instruction is conducted in English.
A) True B) False |
A - True
|
|
|
25. Asthma is associated with environmental conditions.
A) True B) False |
A – True
|
|
|
1. The ability to compare oneself with others is called _____ __________.
|
The ability to compare oneself with others is called (SOCIAL COMPARISON).
|
|
|
2. One of the most important factors in helping a child to deal with stress is ______ support, which can include churches and libraries.
|
One of the most important factors in helping a child to deal with stress is (SOCIAL) support, which can include churches and libraries.
|
|
|
3. In Kohlberg's moral development stage 1, the most important value is _________ to authority.
|
In Kohlberg's moral development stage 1, the most important value is (OBEDIENCE) to authority.
|
|
|
4. Tyler threatened to punch Liam if he didn't hand over his new Play Station game. If Tyler carried out his threat Liam would be a victim of ________ aggression.
|
Tyler threatened to punch Liam if he didn't hand over his new Play Station game. If Tyler carried out his threat Liam would be a victim of (PHYSICAL) aggression.
|
|
|
5. One indication of psychosocial maturation between the ages of _ and __ is the presence of specific chores performed at home.
|
One indication of psychosocial maturation between the ages of (6) and (11) is the presence of specific chores performed at home.
|
|
|
6. Two factors that can interfere with good family function anywhere are high conflict and ___ ______.
|
Two factors that can interfere with good family function anywhere are high conflict and (LOW INCOME).
|
|
|
7. Three of the essential functions of the ______ for school-age children should include providing basic necessities, helping the child to develop self-respect, and nurturing peer relationships.
|
Three of the essential functions of the (FAMILY) for school-age children should include providing basic necessities, helping the child to develop self-respect, and nurturing peer relationships.
|
|
|
8. Freud placed school-age children in the stage of _______.
|
Freud placed school-age children in the stage of (LATENCY).
|
|
|
9. Children who are aggressive-rejected are called _____-_______.
|
Children who are aggressive-rejected are called (BULLY-VICTIMS).
|
|
|
10. Sara and her brother George were reared together; they would be considered to be from a ______ environment.
|
Sara and her brother George were reared together; they would be considered to be from a (SHARED) environment.
|
|
|
11. According to Erikson, the developmental crisis children face in middle childhood is that of ________ ______ ___________.
|
According to Erikson, the developmental crisis children face in middle childhood is that of (INDUSTRY VERSUS INFERIORITY).
|
|
|
12. The basic framework for moral development has been most clearly described by ________.
|
The basic framework for moral development has been most clearly described by (KOHLBERG).
|
|
|
13. Aspects of the environment such as school and friendship are called _________ because children in the same family do not share them.
|
Aspects of the environment such as school and friendship are called (NONSHARED) because children in the same family do not share them.
|
|
|
14. Perhaps the most influential system that the school-age child must enter into is the ____ _____.
|
Perhaps the most influential system that the school-age child must enter into is the (PEER GROUP).
|
|
|
15. Social shunning by a ringleader and spreading a rumor about someone describes __________ aggression.
|
Social shunning by a ringleader and spreading a rumor about someone describes (RELATIONAL) aggression.
|
|
|
1. Relational aggression includes hitting and shoving other children.
A) True B) False |
B – False
|
|
|
2. To stop bullying in schools, changing the school culture so that bullies are not allowed to continue their attacks is more effective than teaching better social skills to victims.
A) True B) False |
A – True
|
|
|
3. How family members are genetically connected is part of the family structure.
A) True B) False |
A – True
|
|
|
4. Being accepted by the entire group is more important to school-age children than having a close friend.
A) True B) False |
B – False
|
|
|
5. Most unmarried mothers are involved in a series of romances, which may include several episodes of cohabitation, marriage, and divorce.
A) True B) False |
A – True
|
|
|
6. Research on the dynamic-systems approach has shown that some traits can be entirely genetic or entirely environmental.
A) True B) False |
B – False
|
|
|
7. Family structure determines how well the family will function.
A) True B) False |
B – False
|
|
|
8. Resilience to stress is a stable or static trait describing a child's responses under adverse situations.
A) True B) False |
B – False
|
|
|
9. Aggressive-rejected children tend to misinterpret the words and behavior of others.
A) True B) False |
A – True
|
|
|
10. Girls use relational aggression more often than do boys.
A) True B) False |
A – True
|
|
|
11. Peers reject most bullies.
A) True B) False |
B – False
|
|
|
12. There is no one type of family structure that is always the best.
A) True B) False |
A – True
|
|
|
13. About half of school-age children live with their nuclear family.
A) True B) False |
A – True
|
|
|
14. Aggressive-rejected children tend to interpret ambiguous situations as hostile.
A) True B) False |
A – True
|
|
|
15. Families do not need to provide opportunities for the development of peer relationships.
A) True B) False |
B – False
|
|
|
16. According to Freud, children between the ages of 6 and 11 experience the crisis of industry versus inferiority.
A) True B) False |
B – False
|
|
|
17. Kohlberg based his theory of moral development on the work of Erikson.
A) True B) False |
B – False
|
|
|
18. Environmental influences from different teachers and peer groups reflect one's nonshared influences.
A) True B) False |
A – True
|
|
|
19. Lenny and Joe sneaked into a movie on a Saturday afternoon. They had seen the movie before; in their view, however, more important than seeing the movie was the act of sneaking in without getting caught.
A) True B) False |
A – True
|
|
|
20. The period of latency is a time of suppressed emotional drives and submerged unconscious conflicts.
A) True B) False |
A – True
|
|
|
21. Research conducted on resilience in middle childhood has shown that high IQ may moderate the impact of family stress.
A) True B) False |
A – True
|
|
|
22. During middle childhood, children's moral reasoning is usually at the third level of Kohlberg's theory.
A) True B) False |
B – False
|
|
|
23. By age 10, most children know how to be a good friend.
A) True B) False |
A – True
|
|
|
24. Having an emotionally dysfunctional parent may not affect a resilient child if the other parent protects and nurtures the child.
A) True B) False |
A – True
|
|
|
25. Older children tend to choose friends who are of the same sex, race, and economic background as themselves.
A) True B) False |
A – True
|
|
|
1. What are the 3 size and shape changes in 2-6 year olds?
|
Growth
Nutrition Motor Skills |
|
|
2. By age _ legs are ½ of adult size.
|
By age (6) legs are ½ of adult size.
|
|
|
3. Name the races by height.
|
Africans
Europeans Asians Latinos |
|
|
4. What motor skill is it that is associated with larger muscle groups, larger movements (running, jumping, throwing)?
|
Gross Motor Skills
|
|
|
5. What motor skill is it that is associated with smaller muscle groups smaller movements (cutting food, pouring juice, writing)?
|
Fine Motor Skills
|
|
|
6. What part of the brain is affected what all the brains networks are myelinated?
|
Speed of Thought
|
|
|
7. What part of the brain is a long narrow strip of nerve fibers that connect left and right hemispheres of the brain?
|
Corpus Callosum
|
|
|
8. What is the last part of the brain to form, is mature by mid-adolescence, and is used to plan and analyze things?
|
Prefrontal Cortex (sometimes called Frontal Cortex or Frontal Lobe)
|
|
|
9. What is it called to stick to one thought or action regardless of need?
|
Perseveration
|
|
|
10. What is it called to act on impulse?
|
Impulsiveness
|
|
|
11. What is it that registers emotions, especially fear, nightmares, and terrors?
|
Amygdala
|
|
|
12. What is it that is the memory processor?
|
Hippocampus
|
|
|
13. What is it that gets signals from the amygdala (arousing) and hippocampus (dampening) that produces hormones?
|
Hypothalamus
|
|
|
14. Prolonged ______ early on can result in physical and/or mental _________, poor emotional regulation and cognitive ___________.
|
Prolonged (STRESS) early on can result in physical and/or mental (DISORDERS), poor emotional regulation and cognitive (IMPAIRMENTS).
|
|
|
15. What stage of Piaget’s is it that is centration, focuses on appearance, has static reasoning, and irreversibility?
|
Preoperational Intelligence (Age 2-6)
|
|
|
16. What is defined when things remain the same despite of their appearance?
|
Conservation
|
|
|
17. What stage of Lev Vygotsky’s is it when children learn from mentors in society (parents/teachers)?
|
Apprentice in Thinking
|
|
|
18. What is it when temporary support is provided to an apprentice?
|
Scaffolding
|
|
|
19. What is it when cognitive and physical skills are able to be done with help?
|
Zone of Proximal Development
|
|
|
20. The idea that children attempt to explain everything they see and hear.
|
Theory-Theory
|
|
|
21. A person’s theory of what other people might be thinking. Usually not achieved until after age 4.
|
Theory of Mind
|
|
|
22. The speedy and sometimes imprecise way in which children learn new words.
|
Fast Mapping
|
|
|
23. The application of rules of grammar even when exceptions occur (foots, tooths, sheeps, mouses…I didded that).
|
Overregulation
|
|
|
24. Brain development ___________ in bilingual children.
|
Brain development (ACCELERATES) in bilingual children.
|
|
|
25. A person who is fluent in 2 languages not favoring one over the other.
|
Balanced Bilingual
|
|
|
26. Focus is on natural inclination to learn through play rather than following adult directions.
|
Child-Centered Programs
|
|
|
27. Where is it that kids focus on puzzles, are encouraged, builds pride, has no pretend play, and no direct teacher instruction?
|
Montessori Schools
|
|
|
28. Where/what approach is it that encourages child creativity in a carefully designed setting?
|
Reggio Emilia Approach (Italy)
|
|
|
29. What are the 3 levels of prevention?
|
Primary
Secondary Tertiary |
|
|
30. All intentional harm or avoidable endangerment.
|
Maltreatment
|
|
|
31. Deliberate harm to physical emotional or sexual well-being.
|
Abuse
|
|
|
32. Basic needs; physical, educational or emotional.
|
Neglect
|
|
|
33. The ability to control when and how emotions are expressed; possible due to connections between limbic system and prefrontal cortex.
|
Emotional Regulation
|
|
|
34. Erikson’s third psychosocial crisis, in which children undertake new skills and activities and feel guilty when they do not succeed at them.
|
Initiative Versus Guilt
|
|
|
35. A person’s evaluation of his or her own worth, either in specifics (intelligence, attractiveness) or in general.
|
Self-Esteem
|
|
|
36. A person’s understanding of who he or she is, incorporating self-esteem, physical appearance, personality, and various personal traits (gender, size).
|
Self-Concept
|
|
|
37. Preschoolers predict that they can solve impossible puzzles, remember long lists of words, and control their dreams.
|
Protective Optimism
|
|
|
38. Self-blame that people experience when they do something wrong.
|
Guilt
|
|
|
39. People’s feeling that others blame them, disapprove of them, or are disappointed in them.
|
Shame
|
|
|
40. A drive, or reason to pursue a goal, that comes from inside a person (e.g. the need to feel smart or competent).
|
Intrinsic Motivation
|
|
|
41. A drive, or reason to pursue a goal, that arises from the need to have one’s achievements rewarded from outside (e.g. by receiving material possessions or another person’s esteem).
|
Extrinsic Motivation
|
|
|
42. Lack of emotional regulation may be an early sign of _______________.
|
Lack of emotional regulation may be an early sign of (PSYCHOPATHOLOGY).
|
|
|
43. Involves expressing powerful feelings through uncontrolled physical or verbal outbursts, as by lashing out at other people or breaking things.
|
Externalizing Problems
|
|
|
44. Involves turning one’s emotional distress inward, as by feeling excessively guilty, ashamed, or worthless.
|
Internalizing Problems
|
|
|
45. _____ tend to be aggressive (externalizing), while _____ tend to be anxious (internalizing).
|
(BOYS) tend to be aggressive (externalizing), while (GIRLS) tend to be anxious (internalizing).
|
|
|
46. ____ is the most productive and enjoyable activity that children undertake.
|
(PLAY) is the most productive and enjoyable activity that children undertake.
|
|
|
47. Name 5 types of play.
|
Solitary
Onlooker Parallel Associative Cooperative |
|
|
48. Pretend play in which children act out various roles and themes in stories that they create.
|
Sociodramatic Play
|
|
|
49. According to Diana Baumrind, what are the 4 ways parents differ on important dimensions?
|
Expressions of Warmth
Strategies for Discipline Communication Expectations for Maturity |
|
|
50. From very affectionate to cold and critical.
|
Expressions of Warmth
|
|
|
51. Parents vary in whether and how they explain, criticize, persuade, ignore, and punish.
|
Strategies for Discipline
|
|
|
52. Some parents listen patiently to their children; others demand silence.
|
Communication
|
|
|
53. Parents vary in the standards they set for their children regarding responsibility and self-control.
|
Expectations for Maturity
|
|
|
54. What are Baumrind’s 4 patterns of parenting?
|
Authoritarian Parenting
Permissive Parenting Authoritative Parenting Neglectful/Uninvolved Parenting |
|
|
55. High behavioral standards, strict punishment of misconduct, and little communication.
|
Authoritarian Parenting
|
|
|
56. High nurturance and communication but little discipline, guidance, or control.
|
Permissive Parenting
|
|
|
57. Parents set limits and enforce rules but are flexible and listen to their children.
|
Authoritative Parenting.
|
|
|
58. Parents are indifferent toward their children and unaware of what is going on in their children’s lives.
|
Neglectful/Uninvolved Parenting
|
|
|
59. The ability to understand the emotions and concerns of another person, especially when they differ from one’s own.
|
Empathy
|
|
|
60. Feelings of dislike or even hatred for another person.
|
Antipathy
|
|
|
61. Actions that are helpful and kind but that are of no obvious benefit to the person doing them.
|
Prosocial Behavior
|
|
|
62. Actions that are deliberately hurtful or destructive to another person.
|
Antisocial Behavior
|
|
|
63. Hurtful behavior that is intended to get something that another person has and to keep it.
|
Instrumental Aggression
|
|
|
64. An impulsive retaliation for another person’s intentional or accidental action, verbal or physical.
|
Reactive Aggression
|
|
|
65. Nonphysical acts, such as insults or social rejection, aimed at harming the social connection between the victim and other people.
|
Relational Aggression
|
|
|
66. Unprovoked, repeated physical or verbal attack, especially on victims who are unlikely to defend themselves.
|
Bullying Aggression
|
|
|
67. A disciplinary technique that involves threatening to withdraw love and support and that relies on a child’s feelings of guilt and gratitude to the parents.
|
Psychological Control
|
|
|
68. A disciplinary technique in which a child is separated from other people and activities for a specified time.
|
Time-Out
|
|
|
69. Biological differences between males and females, in organs, hormones, and body shape.
|
Sex Differences
|
|
|
70. Differences in the roles and behaviors that are prescribed by a culture for males and females.
|
Gender Differences
|
|
|
71. Freud’s third stage of development, when the penis becomes the focus of concern and pleasure.
|
Phallic Stage
|
|
|
72. The unconscious desire of young boys to replace their fathers and win their mothers’ exclusive love.
|
Oedipus Complex
|
|
|
73. In psychoanalytic theory, the judgmental part of the personality that internalizes the moral standards of the parents.
|
Superego
|
|
|
74. The unconscious desire of girls to replace their mothers and win their fathers’ exclusive love.
|
Electra Complex
|
|
|
75. An attempt to defend one’s self-concept by taking on the behaviors and attitudes of someone else.
|
Identification
|
|
|
76. Children notice the ways men and women behave and internalize the standards they observe.
|
Social Learning Theory
|
|
|
77. A child’s cognitive concept or general belief about sex differences, which is based on his or her observations and experiences.
|
Gender Schema
|
|
|
78. A balance within one person of traditionally masculine and feminine psychological characteristics.
|
Androgyny
|
|
|
79. The ratio of weight to height, calculated by dividing a person’s body weight in kilograms by the square of his or her height in meters.
|
Body Mass Index (BMI)
|
|
|
80. In an adult, having a BMI of 25 to 29. In a child, having a BMI above the 85th percentile, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control’s 1980 standards for children of a given age.
|
Overweight
|
|
|
81. In an adult, having a BMI of 30 or more. In a child, having a BMI above the 95th percentile, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control’s 1980 standards for children of a given age.
|
Obesity
|
|
|
82. Piaget’s term for the ability to reason logically about direct experiences and perceptions.
|
Concrete Operational Thought
|
|
|
83. The logical principle that things can be organized into groups (or categories or classes) according to some characteristic they have in common.
|
Classification
|
|
|
84. The ability to figure out (infer) the unspoken link (transfer) between one fact and another.
|
Transitive Inference
|
|
|
85. The idea that things can be arranged in a series. Seriation is crucial for understanding the number sequence.
|
Seriation
|
|
|
86. The ability to concentrate on some stimuli while ignoring others.
|
Selective Attention
|
|
|
87. A process in which repetition of a sequence of thoughts and actions makes the sequence routine, so that it no longer requires conscious thought.
|
Automatization
|
|
|
88. The time it takes to respond to a stimulus, either physically (with a reflexive movement such as an eye blink) or cognitively (with a thought).
|
Reaction Time
|
|
|
89. The component of the information processing system in which incoming stimulus information is stored for a split second to allow it to be processed.
|
Sensory Memory (Sensory Register)
|
|
|
90. The component of the information processing system in which current, conscious mental activity occurs.
|
Working Memory (Short-Term Memory)
|
|
|
91. The component of the information processing system in which virtually limitless amounts of information can be stored indefinitely.
|
Long-Term Memory
|
|
|
92. "Thinking about thinking"; the ability to evaluate a cognitive task in order to determine how best to accomplish it, and then to monitor and adjust one’s performance on that task.
|
Metacognition
|
|
|
93. The ability to understand how memory works in order to use it well. Metamemory is an essential element of metacognition.
|
Metamemory
|
|
|
94. The unofficial, unstated, or implicit rules and priorities that influence the academic curriculum and every other aspect of learning in school.
|
Hidden Curriculum
|
|
|
95. A child who is learning English as a second language.
|
English-Language Learner (ELL)
|
|
|
96. Teaching reading by first teaching the sounds of each letter and of various letter combinations.
|
Phonics Approach
|
|
|
97. Teaching reading by encouraging early use of all language skills-talking and listening, reading and writing.
|
Whole-Language Approach
|
|
|
98. The potential to master a specific skill or to learn a certain body of knowledge.
|
Aptitude
|
|
|
99. A test designed to measure intellectual aptitude, or ability to learn in school. Originally, intelligence was defined as mental age divided by chronological age, times 100--hence the term intelligence quotient, or IQ.
|
IQ Test
|
|
|
100. A measure of mastery or proficiency in reading, mathematics, writing, science, or some other subject.
|
Achievement Test
|
|
|
101. An IQ test designed for school-age children. The test assesses potential in many areas, including vocabulary, general knowledge, memory, and spatial comprehension.
|
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)
|
|
|
102. The rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over the decades in many nations.
|
Flynn Effect
|
|
|
103. Literally, slow, or late, thinking. In practice, people are considered mentally retarded if they score below 70 on an IQ test and if they are markedly behind their peers in the ability to meet the basic requirements of daily life.
|
Mental Retardation
|
|
|
104. A U.S. law enacted in 2001 that was intended to increase accountability in education by requiring states to qualify for federal educational funding by administering standardized tests to measure school achievement.
|
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
|
|
|
105. An ongoing and nationally representative measure of U.S. children’s achievement in reading, mathematics, and other subjects over time; nicknamed "the nation’s report card."
|
National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)
|
|
|
106. Inaugurated in 2001, a planned five-year cycle of international trend studies in the reading ability of fourth-graders.
|
Literacy Study (PIRLS)
|
|
|
107. An international assessment of the math and science skills of fourth- and eighth-graders. Although the TIMSS is very useful, different countries’ scores are not always comparable because sample selection, test administration, and content validity are hard to keep uniform.
|
Trends in Math and Science Study (TIMSS)
|
|
|
108. Children who, because of a physical or mental disability, require extra help in order to learn.
|
Children with Special Needs
|
|
|
109. A condition in which a person is inattentive, impulsive, and overactive and thus has great difficulty concentrating for more than a few moments.
|
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
|
|
|
110. The presence of two or more unrelated disease conditions at the same time in the same person.
|
Comorbidity
|
|
|
111. A marked delay in a particular area of learning that is not caused by an apparent physical disability, by mental retardation, or by an unusually stressful home environment.
|
Learning Disability
|
|
|
112. Unusual difficulty with reading; thought to be the result of some neurological underdevelopment.
|
Dyslexia
|
|
|
113. Any of several disorders characterized by impaired communication, inadequate social skills, and unusual patterns of play.
|
Autistic Spectrum Disorder
|
|
|
114. A developmental disorder marked by an inability to relate to other people normally, extreme self-absorption, and an inability to acquire normal speech.
|
Autism
|
|
|
115. An autistic spectrum disorder characterized by extreme attention to details and deficient social understanding.
|
Asperger Syndrome
|
|
|
116. The ability to regulate one’s emotions and actions through effort, not simply through natural inclination.
|
Effortful Control
|
|
|
117. Tendency to assess one’s abilities, achievements, social status, and other attributes by measuring them against those of other people, especially one’s peers.
|
Social Comparison
|
|
|
118. The capacity to adapt well despite significant adversity and to overcome serious stress.
|
Resilience
|
|
|
119. The way a family works to meet the needs of its members.
|
Family Function
|
|
|
120. The legal and genetic relationships among relatives living in the same home; includes nuclear family, extended family, stepfamily, and so on.
|
Family Structure
|
|
|
121. Composed of people who live together in the same home.
|
Household
|
|
|
122. Includes a least one parent and at least one child under age 18.
|
Family Household
|
|
|
123. A family that consists of a father, a mother, and their biological children under age 18.
|
Nuclear Family
|
|
|
124. A stepparent family that includes children born to several families, such as the biological children from the spouses’ previous marriages and the biological children of the new couple.
|
Blended Family
|
|
|
125. A family that consists of only one parent and his or her children under age 18.
|
Single-Parent Family
|
|
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126. A family consisting of parents, their children, and other relatives living in one household.
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Extended Family
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127. A family consisting of one man, several wives, and the biological children of the man and his wives.
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Polygamous Family
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128. A family that does not support all its members.
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Dysfunctional Family
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129. The crucial question to ask about any risk factor (e.g. poverty, divorce, job loss, eviction) is whether or not it increases the stress on a family.
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Family Stress Model
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130. The particular habits, styles, and values that reflect the set of rules and rituals that characterize children as distinct from adult society.
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Culture of Children
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131. The ability to understand social interactions, including the causes and consequences of human behavior.
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Social Cognition
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132. Children who are disliked by peers because of antagonistic, confrontational behavior.
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Aggressive-Rejected Children
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133. Children who are disliked by peers because of their timid, withdrawn, and anxious behavior.
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Withdrawn-Rejected Children
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134. Repeated, systematic efforts to inflict harm through physical, verbal, or social attack on a weaker person.
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Bullying
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135. Someone who attacks others and who is attacked as well.
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Bully-Victim
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136. Lawrence Kohlberg (1963): Described stages of morality that stem from three levels of moral reasoning, with two stages at each level, name the 3 levels.
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Preconventional Moral Reasoning
Conventional Moral Reasoning Postconventional Moral Reasoning |
