Psychology 1301 Exam 1

Front 1

Ancedotal Evidence

Back 1

Personal opinion; nonscientific; unreliable

Front 2

Placebo

Back 2

A fake substance, treatment, or procedure that has no know direct effects

Front 3

correlation study

Back 3

a reasearch strategy that allows the precise calculation of how strongle related two factors are to each other.

Front 4

sample

Back 4

a selected segment of the population used to represent the group that is being studied

Front 5

population

Back 5

a complete set of something - people, nonhuman animals, objects, or events

Front 6

pseudoscience

Back 6

a fake or false science that makes claims based on little or nor scientific evidence

Front 7

hypothesis

Back 7

a tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables; a testable prediction or question

Front 8

operational definiton

Back 8

a precise description of how the variables in a study will be manipulated or measured

Front 9

empirical evidence

Back 9

verifiable evidence that is based upon objective observation, measurement, and/or experimentation

Front 10

sematic memory

Back 10

category of long-term memory that includes memories of general knowledge of facts, names, and concepts (personal encylopedia)

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explict (episodic) memory

Back 11

category of long-term memory that includes memories of particular events (autobiography) ; can be consciously recollected

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clustering

Back 12

organizing items into related groups during recall from long-term memory

Front 13

schema

Back 13

an organized cluster of information about a particular topic

Front 14

critical thinking

Back 14

the active process of minimmizing preconceptions and biases while evaluating evidence, determining the conclusions that can reasonably be drawn from evidence, and considering alternative explainations for research findings or other phenomena

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maintenance rehearsal

Back 15

the mental or verbal reptition of information in order to maintain it beyond the usual 20-second duration of short-term memory

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dementia

Back 16

progressive deterioration a =nd impairment of memory, reasoning, and other congnitive functions ocurring as the result of a disease or a condition

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psychology

Back 17

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

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Aristotle

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the first western thinker to study psychological topics; wrote about sleep, dreams, the senses, and memory (wrote 'De Anima'); still remains influencial

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Physiology

Back 19

a branch of biology that studies the fuctions and parts of living organisms, including humans

Front 20

Wilhem Wundt (German psychologist)

Back 20

Opened lab in 1879 (said to be the beginning of psychology); the "father of physcology"; emphasized the used of experimental methods - University of Leipzig

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reflective technique

Back 21

simply repeat what the person has said to you (you can paraphrase, but don't add anything or judge)

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Nurture

Back 22

Environment, learn, language

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Nature

Back 23

Innate, genetics, schizophrenia

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Ivan Pavlov

Back 24

studied basic research on learning (Dog and bell guy); pioneered the work of behaviorism

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Sigmund Freud

Back 25

father of psychoanalysis (theory and therapy) :: behavior motivated by unconscious conflicts

Front 26

John B, Watsonv (first)
B.F. Skinner

Back 26

school of behaviorism; believed that psychology should restrict itself to studying outwardly observable behaviors that could be measured and verified

Front 27

S-R stands for....?

Back 27

stimmulus and response

Front 28

Jean Piggot

Back 28

swiss phychologist that studied developement of children and mental processes (perception, language, thinking, problem solving)

Front 29

Abraham Maslow

Back 29

studied hiearcy of needs; developed a theory of motivation that emphasized psychological growth (humanistic pychology)St

Front 30

Carl Rogers

Back 30

studied developement of self; emphasized the conscious experiences; founded humanistic psychology.

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Charles Darwin

Back 31

founder of evolution

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structuralism

Back 32

empasized studying the most basic components or structures of conscious experiments

Front 33

fuctionalism

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emphasized studying the purpose, or function, of behavior and mental experience

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psychoanalysis

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personality theory and form of psychotherapy that empashize the role pf unconcious factors in personality and behavior

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behaviorism

Back 35

theoretical view point that emphasize the study of observable behaviors, especially as they pertain to the process of learning.

Front 36

humanistic pychology

Back 36

theoretical viewpoint that emphasize each person's unique potential for psychological growth and self-direction.

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neuroscience

Back 37

study of the nervous system, especially the brain

Front 38

positive psychology

Back 38

study of positive emotions and psychological states, positive individual traits, and the social institutions that foster positive individuals and communities

Front 39

Scientific Method

Back 39

a set of assumptions, attitudes, and procedures that guide researchers in creating questions to investigate, in generating empirical evidence, and in drawing conclusions

Front 40

memory

Back 40

the mental processes that enable you to retain and retrieve information over time

Front 41

Encoding

Back 41

refers to the process of transforming information into a form that can be entered and retained by the memory system

Front 42

Short-term Memory

Back 42

Active working memory. Duration is about 30 seconds, and you can hold about 5 to 9 things within it.

Front 43

Scensory Memory

Back 43

registers information from the environment and holds it for a very brief period of time.

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Long-term Memory

Back 44

memory that holds long-term information, potentially forever

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procedural memory

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category of long-term memory that includes memories of different skills, operations, and actions. (typing, riding a bike...)

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Implicit memory

Back 46

information or knowledge that affects behavior or task performance but cannot be consciously recollected (Procedural Memory)

Front 47

retrival

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process of accessing stored information

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tips-of-the-tongue (TOT)

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a memory phenomenon that involves the sensation of knowing that specific information is stored in long-term memory, but being temportarily unable to retrieve it

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recall

Back 49

a test in long-term memory that involves retrieving information without the aid of retrieval cues

Front 50

flashbulb memory

Back 50

recall of very specific images or fetails surrounding a vivid, rare, or signifigant personal event, may or may not be accurate

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Hermann Ebbinghaus

Back 51

German psychologist; studied the forgetting curve by memorizing nonsense, three-syllable words with two consonants and one vowel.

Front 52

Prospective memory

Back 52

remembering to do something in the future

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decay theory

Back 53

we forget memories because we don't use them and they fade away over time

Front 54

Deja Vu is also referred to as...?

Back 54

source memory; source monitoring

Front 55

suppression

Back 55

motivated forgetting (conscious)

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repression

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motivated forgetting (unconscious)

Front 57

Misinformation Effect

Back 57

October 2002 sniper attacks; proves that eyewitnesses or not a reliable source. (report different color cars); example of source confusion

Front 58

Lost in the Mall

Back 58

example of imagination inflation; they were fed a false memory, and then over time, they started to actually believe it happened and started to recall fake details

Front 59

amnesia

Back 59

severe memory loss

Front 60

Alzheimer's disease

Back 60

a progressive disease that destroys the brain's neurons, gradually impairing memory, thinking, language, and other cognitive functions, resulting in the complete inability to care for oneself; the most common cause of dementia (5 % of 65-74 and about half of people over 85)

Front 61

William James

Back 61

studied functionalism (adaptive role of behavior) in psychology

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Edward B. titchener

Back 62

studied structionalism (structures of thought; introspective) in psychology

Front 63

perception

Back 63

the process by which we organize and interpret patterns of stimuli from the evironmentc

Front 64

comparity (?) psychology

Back 64

studying animals to compare to human mind

Front 65

human behavior

Back 65

is observed behavior (can see)

Front 66

mental process

Back 66

everything going on inside head (can't see)