Psychology 100 Quiz 1

Front 1

Wilhem Wundt opened the first psychology research laboratory and in doing so....

Back 1

a. explored the nature of religious beliefs
**b. established psychology as a separate science**
c. identified mental disorders and abnormal behavior
d. mapped damaged areas of the human brain

Front 2

Your psychology professor says that we are biological creatures and are heavily influenced by our genes. You are not sure that you agree with her, believing that we are who we are because of our environment and what we learn. You and your psychology professor are:

Back 2

**a. describing the parts of the nature-nurture issue.**
b. expressing views that Wundt studied.
c. demonstrating the interactive dualism debate.
d. describing the questions that Aristotle wrote about.

Front 3

The founder of psychoanalysis was __________, and the founder of humanistic psychology was _________.

Back 3

a. B.F. Skinner; Carl Rogers
b. Carl Rogers: Wilhem Wundt
c. Wilhem Wundt; Sigmund Freud
**d. Sigmund Freud; Carl Rogers**

Front 4

The cognitive perspective of psychology focuses on

Back 4

**a. the important role of mental processes in how people process information, develop language, solve problems, and think.**
b. how overt behavior is acquired and modified by environmental influences.
c. the diversity of human behavior in different cultural settings and countries.
d. the motivation of people to grow psychologically, the influence of interpersonal relationships on a person's self-concept, and the importance of choice and self-direction in striving to reach one's potential.

Front 5

Which of the following is a characteristic of individualistic cultures?

Back 5

**a. A person's identity is closely tied to the identity of a larger group, such as a family or work group.**
b. The needs and goals of the group are valued over the needs and goals of the individual.
c. They are more commonly found in Asia and South America than in North America and Europe.
d. The importance of self-reliance and individual achievement are emphasized.

Front 6

The Hockenbury textbook tells us that scientists use the _____________ to achieve psychology's four basic goals.

Back 6

**a. scientific method**
b. antisurgery method
c. vegetarian subsidies
d. health department

Front 7

We call the rational method of evaluating evidence while trying to minimize the influence of preconceptions and biases

Back 7

a. naturalistic research.
b. experimental method.
**c. critical thinking.**
d. case studies.

Front 8

The correlational research method seeks to

Back 8

a. establish a cause-and-effect relation.
b. establish ethical guidelines.
**c. examine how strongly two variables are related to one another**
d. a, b, and c.

Front 9

In an experiment, the independent variable is the variable that is

Back 9

a. unknown.
b. used as a substitute for the dependent variable in the control group.
**c. deliberately manipulated by the researcher.**
d. not used unless the control group and experimental groups are randomly selected.

Front 10

The brain stem is made up of the _____________ and the _______________.

Back 10

a. forebrain; midbrain
b. cerebellum; medulla
c. reticular formation; pons
**d. midbrain; hindbrain**

Front 11

The _____________ is a group of forebrain structures forming a border around the brain stem which are involved in emotion, motivation, learning and memory.

Back 11

a. primary motor cortex
**b. limbic system.**
c. cerebral cortex
d. frontal cortex

Front 12

Cortical localization refers to the idea that:

Back 12

**a. specific areas of the cerebral cortex are associated with specific behaviors or psychological processes.**
b. specific behaviors or psychological processes can shift from damaged brain areas to undamaged areas.
c. brain organization is fundamentally different for left-handed versus right-handed people.
d. the number of wrinkles, folds, and grooves on the surface of the brain corresponds to the intelligence level of a particular species.

Front 13

The branch of psychology that is focused on understanding the internal physical events and processes that correspond with our experiences and behavior is called

Back 13

**a. biological psychology.**
b. clinical psychology.
c. cognitive physiology.
d. psychopharmacology.

Front 14

__________________ have three components: a cell body, dendrites, and an axon.

Back 14

a. Neurotransmitters
b. Glial cells
c. Synaptic
**d. Neurons **

Front 15

Messages are gathered by the dendrites to the cell body and then transmitted along the axon in the form of a brief electrical impulse called

Back 15

a. a communication impulse.
b. a nerve reaction.
**c. an action potential.**
d. a reflexive impulse.

Front 16

The space between neurons across which chemical messages pass is called the

Back 16

a. chemical receptor site.
**b. synaptic gap.**
c. axon-dendrite gap.
d. neurotransmitter.

Front 17

Which gland might be referred to as the "master gland" because of its role in regulating the production of hormones in other endocrine glands?

Back 17

a. the hypothalamus
b. the testes
c. the thyroid gland
**d. the pituitary gland **

Front 18

______________ is a process by which a form of physical energy is converted into a signal that can be processed by the nervous system.

Back 18

a. Sensation
**b. Transduction**
c. Perception
d. Selective attention

Front 19

_______________ processing emphasizes the importance of the raw sensory data in detecting perception, whereas ________________ processing emphasizes the importance of the observer's cognitive processes in arriving at meaningful perceptions.

Back 19

a. Top-down; bottom-up
**b. Bottom-up; top down**
c. Figure-ground; top down
d. Visual discrimination; sensory reorganization

Front 20

____________ refers to the perceptual principle that states that we automatically separate the elements of a perception into the feature that clearly stands out and its less distinct background.

Back 20

a. Perceptual constancy
b. Equilibrium
**c. Figure and ground**
d. Middle ear

Front 21

The ability to perceive the distance of an object as well as the three-dimensional characteristics of an object is called

Back 21

**a. depth perception.**
b. b. perceptional grouping.
c. c. top-down processing.
d. d. sensory receptor.

Front 22

Circadian rhythms are not only responsible for when you go to sleep and when you wake but they also affect

Back 22

a. stress from the day.
**b. your mental alertness.**
c. your set-point.
d. perception of pain.

Front 23

Divided into four stages, this type of sleep, known as ________________, is also called quiet sleep.

Back 23

**a. NREM sleep**
b. REM sleep
c. alpha-induced sleep
d. electroencephalograph sleep

Front 24

One interesting theory regarding hypnosis regards the hypnotic effect as resulting from the splitting of consciousness into two simultaneous streams of mental activity, only one of which the participant is aware. This theory is called

Back 24

a. posthypnotic effect.
**b. neodissociation theory.**
c. dream control.
d. hypermnesia.

Front 25

You have been asked to serve drinks at your friend's wedding. He asks you to make sure that no one drinks too much liquor, so you try to keep track of how much each guest is drinking. In order to make sure that no one drinks too much, you need to know how much alcohol is in each drink. Which of the following contains the MOST alcohol?

Back 25

a. one ounce of 80-proof whiskey
b. four ounces of wine
c. a twelve-ounce can of beer
**d. one ounce of whiskey, four ounces of wine, and twelve ounces of beer all contain the same amount of alcohol.**