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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
effects of prolonged exhaustion phase (physical)
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immune system- supressed/more susceptible to illness, heals slower than normal
cardiovascular system complicated- higher blood pressure, damage to blood vessels (artheroschelorsis- coronory heart disease) life time damage possible |
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effects of prolonged exhaustion phase (on mental health)
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PTSD- triggered by experience so threatening and uncontrollable it creates terror and hopelessness; chronic physiological arousal (shell shock) recurrent unwanted htoughtsimage
-common source: wars and combat -people with smaller hippocampus have a greater risk burnout- physical emotional and mental exhaustion, low performance and motivation |
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consistancy
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-desire to behave with similar principles across situations
-cognitive dissonance= unpleasant state stemming from inconsistancy -foot in the door technique |
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persuasion
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beliefs are influenced by communicating with someone else
-systematic: appeal to logic -heuristic: appeal to previous habit/emotion - can be combated by self relevance |
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informational influence
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another persons behavior produces info on what is acceptable, looking at other peoples behaviors
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accuracy motive
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desire to be correct (based on attitute and beliefs)
1. informational influence 2. persuasion 3. consistancy |
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obediance
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- do what authority says
-milgrams study -> people listened to him, relate to nazi germany |
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conformity
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tendency to do what others do
elevator example |
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normative influence
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-norms: easy to learn, frequently respected
-normative influence (influenced by person demonstrating appropriate behavior - norm of reciprocity: unwritten role to help those who help you door in the face |
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approval motive
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-desire to be liked accepoted and approved by others
1. normative influence 2. conformity 3. obedience |
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hedonic motive
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-seek pleasure avoid pain
-make an example out of one individual to get a group to comply if one person gets a ticket itll make an example |
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social influence
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control of one persons behavior by another
1. hedonistic motive 2. approval "" 3. accuracy |
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group polarization
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tendecny for a groups initial leaning to get stronger over time
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diffusion and responsibility
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feel diminished responsibility for another whens surrounded by oeople acting the same way
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social loafing
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expend less effort when in a group than whena lone
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deinviduation
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immersion in a group makes people less aware of their individual values
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group behavior
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-can be in group as outgroup
-leads to favoritism -prejudice and discrimination reinforced |
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social exchange in mate selection
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comparison level- cost/benefit ratio people believe they can attain in another relationship
equity- ratios are equal, ideal mariiage- an investment (sunk-cost fallacy) |
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passionate vs. compassionate love
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passionate= euphoria, initial burst of emotions
compassionate- trust that builds over time |
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altruism
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-supposed to benefit another and not oneself
- a way to maximize resource and strategize because its karma |
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important factors in mate selection
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situational: physical location, mere exposure effect
phyisical: triangle and hourglass body shape, symmetry, facial characteristics, such as a strong jaw in males psychological-inner qualities of an individual |
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social psychology
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-study of the causes and consequences of interpersonal behavior
-social bheaviors: satisfy needs by harming/helping others -social influence: influence others to think act and feel a particular way - social cognition: figure out what others like and why they behave the way they do |
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cooperation
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-behavior in two or more individuals that leads to a mutual benefit
-prisoners dilemma |
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attribution and aspects
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definition: explanation behind one's actions
dispositional apsects: explaning ones actions with their personality, johnny didnt do his homework because thats the type of person he is situational aspects: blame on everything but yourself |
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fundamental attribution error
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valence of event:
+ self dispositional other situation - self situational other dispositional why?: you want to look good, and you dont care to research why something happened to someone else |
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DSM-IV-TR
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diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
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medical model
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the conceptualization of psychological abnormalities of disease, like biological disease have symptoms and causes and possible care
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global assessment of functioning scale
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use to assess degree of impairment 100 is good 0 is bad
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schizophrenia
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a disorder characterized by the profound disruption of basic psychological processes; a distorted perception of reality; disturbance in thought and behavior. onset: early 20s for men and late 20s for women
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cyclothymia
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chronically fluctuating mood disturbances for 2 years. from mania to depression.
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dysthymia
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-depression but less severe and lasts two years
-early insidious and chronic -lifetime risk |
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OCD
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-repetitive, intrusive thoughts, (obsessions)
- and ritualistic behavior designed to fend off those thoughts, interferes with individuals functions |
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generalized anxiety disorder
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chronic excessive worry
> restlessness fatigue concentration problems, muscle tension, irritability, sleep deprivation, 5 percent of americans are affected, increase in women |
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diathesis stress model
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suggests a person may be predisposed for a mental disorder that remains unexprssed until triggered by stress
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phobic disorders
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marked, persistant, and excessive fear and avoidance of specific objects, activities, or situations
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anxiety disorders
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class of mental disorder in which anxiety is a predominant factor
-includes generalized anxiety disorder, panic, OCD |
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specific/socially based phobias
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specific: a disorder that involves an irrational fear of a particular object or situation that markedly interferes with an individuals ability to function
-social: irrational fear of being publicly humiliated/embarassed |
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subtypes of schizo
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1. paranoid: absurd, illogical and changeable delusions
2. disorganized- early onset, severe disorganization of personality 3. catatonic: periods of extreme withdrawal or extreme excitement 4. undifferentiated: rapidly changing mixture of all or most primary indications of schizo |
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bipolar disorder
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BP-1: MANIA: unstable emotional condition with cycle of depression and mania (mania is inflated self esteem, flight of ideas etc
manic episode: lifetime diagnosis BPD-2: hypomania, same symptioms but four days or less onset: early 20s |
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major depressive disorder
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-unipolar depression
- a severely depressed mood that lasts 2 or more weeks and is accompanied by ahedonia (cannot enjoy pleasureable activities) change in sleep/appetite, fatigue, feeling of worthless ness, suiciddal, inability to concentrate |
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panic disorder
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-sudden occurance of multiple psychological and physiological symptoms that constitute to a feeling of stark terror
- more frequent when stressed -some may be more susceptible since response to chemical is exagerrated (sodium lactate) |
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psychopharmacology
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-medications that alter main chemistry by changing level of neutrotransmitter to alter cognition/behavior
-agonists increase effects of neutro transmitters -antagonists lessen the effects |
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treating anxiety disorders
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1. anti anxiety medication: tranquilize
2. behavioral therapy: slowly increase exposure until patient is comfortable (changing way of thinking is irrational since thought is too out there) ex: wait long time to wash hands 3. cognitive behavioral therapy: since problem stems form irrational interpretation of psychological arousal, change to optimism to decrease panic attacks |
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treating mood disorders
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1. anti depressants medication: selective seratonin reuptake inhibitors to increase seratonin and norepenephrine
2. mood stabilizer: lithium 3. cognitive behavioral thearapy: increase awareness of behavior (watch sad movies when sad) and recognize and restructure 4. electro shock therapy: increase seratonon but kills hsort term memory and shrinks hippocampus |
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treating schizophrenia
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anti-psychotic medications: too much dopamine in frontal lobe, use dopamine antagonist
2. behavioral therapy: social skills and framing, behvaioral family therapy 3. electro shock: last resort but eliminates psychotic symptoms, but not depression |
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classes of treatment
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1.psychopharmacology
2. therapy (change mind not medicine) a. behavioral b. cognitive c. cognitive behavioral d. psychotherapy |
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behavioral therapy
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-use operant learning to resolve problem
- include exposure therapy/ systematic desentization target: behavior |
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cognitive therapy
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-people have bad views of the world and must try to make them positive
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cognitive behavioral therapy
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-compromise
-tehre are times where rational thought does or does not play a role |
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psychotherapy
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all psychological things are a result of negative experience; must dive into the unconcious to resolve negative memorie
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the big five
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1. openess to experiences- appreciation for imagination, curiosity and variety of experiences
2. conscientiousness: tendecncy for self discipline and aim for acheivement 3. extraversion- tendency to seek out stimulation, company of others 4. agreeability: tendency for compassion and cooperation, social harmony 5. neurotisicsm: extent of emotional stability |
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structure of the mind
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1. ID- the part of the mind containing drives present at birth (hunger, sexy, agression)
A. pleasure impulse: seek gratification 2. ego- developed through contact with the external world; enables us to deal with lives practical demands - reality princicple: combats pleasurable impulse with ratinoality 3. superego: reflects internalization of cultural rules conscience |
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psychological stages of developent
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-distinct stages associated with sexual pleasure
-fixation: pleasure seeking drives become psychologically stuck 1. oral (0-18 months) mouth, sucking, being fed, oral agression, envy demanding 2. anal: retention and expulsion of feces and urine: submission and rebellion, clean and messy 3. phallic: everyone incestuous feelings, explore genitals-> failure to overcome inhibits stable love life 4. latency: 5. sensual: balance sex drive and intellect |
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humanistic existential approach
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humanistic:
- inherent goodness -self actualization (realize minds potential) -unconditional positive regard (non judgemental acceptable of another person existential: -free to live as you choose -life is full of _____ otht erhe is aslo tough reality we must face |
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self esteem
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-extent to which an individual likes, values, and accepts the self
-positive vs negative: depends on goals and expectations -potential sources: being accepted and valued by others -bias for high self esteem 1. self serving: take credit for successes not failures narcissism: grandoise view of self, seeks admiration, exploitothers |
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minnesota multiplatic persoanlity inventory
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- a well researched questionaire used to assess personality and psychological problems
- ten main subscales ( |
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locus of control
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internal locus of control: you are in control of your life and your calm
external: you believe that you arent in cointrol |
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outcome expectanices
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-social cognitive approach of pursuing goals
- assumptions about the likely consequences of a future behavior. (what you do to somoene and how theyll treat you back) |
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personal constructs
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-social cognitive approach
- dimensions people use in making sense of their experiences (one see clown as scary, other see it as funnny. depends how you veiw it" |
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social cognitive approach
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views personality in times of how the person thinks about the situations encountered in daily life and behaves in response to them
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sublimiination
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-defence mechanism
-channels unacceptable sexual or agressive drives intos ocially acceptable venues -violence: football, mma etc |
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identificaiton
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-defnese mechanism: take on characteristics of another person who seems more powerful and able to cope
-bullied becomes bully |
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displacement
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defense mechnaism
-shifting unacceptable feelings and behavior onto something less threatening or netutral. aka hitting a door |
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regression
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defence mechanism
revert to an immature bevaior to mimic times whent hiugns were simpler and better |
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projection
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defense mech
atttribute onces thoights and feelings motves or impulses to another person or groupo |
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reaction formation
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defense mech
replacing threatening inner wishes and fnatasies with an exagerrated revision of the apptetite |
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rationalization
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defense mech
use reasonable sounding explanations to replace uncomfortable thoughts |
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psychodynamic approeach
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-regards personality as formed by needs, stirrings desires, largeley outside of awareness moties that can also produce disorders
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psychological conflict
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ID vs superego
results in anxiety a signal that ego is inhibiting the id defense mechanism: unconcious coping mechanisms that reduce anxiety generated by the threats from unacceptable imp[ulses |