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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Evolutionary psych |
A field aimed at revealing how to traits we inherit from ancestors control our thoughts and behaviours |
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Intrasexual selection |
Males compete for mates, evolved traits to be better at competing. |
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Intersexyal selection |
Females wanting males to have best appearance- too see a show or nice nest ie. Male peacocks nice feathers |
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Nervous system |
Neurons, cell body |
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Nucleus soma |
Receives messages from dendrites that come from other neurons |
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Axon |
Neurotransmitters- interact with dendrites and other neurons |
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Sensory neurons |
Send messages to brain |
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Motor neuron |
Sends messages from brain to limbs to muscles |
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Glial cells |
Maintenance activity, coats neurons designed for sending rapid messages to brain- white coating |
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Myelin |
Acts to insulate axons |
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Electro static gradient |
The inside and outside of the neuron have different charges |
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Concentration gradient |
These are different types of ions dominating the inside vs outside on neuron |
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Neural firing |
Resting potentia > positively charged ions rush into the cell during an action potential > after nerve fired the positive charged ion are pumped back out of the cell |
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Hyperpolarization |
Cell is more negatively charge than before action potential |
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Refractory period |
Neuron is briefly unable to fire |
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Excitatory neurotransmitters |
Decrease the chance that the postsynaptic neuron will fire by causing the charge inside the neuron to be less negative |
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Inhibitory neurotransmitters |
Decrease the chance that the postsynaptic neuron will fire by causing the charge inside the neuron to be more negative |
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All or None principal |
A neuron either generates an action potential or doesn't generate one but the magnitude of the action potential is the same everytime |
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Common neurotransmitters |
Glutamate, gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), Acetycholine |
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CNS - Central nervous system |
Brain, spinal peripheral nervous system- ganglion. |
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Somatic Nervous system |
Consists of nerves that control the muscles and others that receive signals from sensory organs |
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Autonomic Nervous system |
Consists of sympathetic nervous system and papsympathetic nervous system |
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Sympathetic Nervous system |
Generates heightened arousal to prepare the body to respond to threats |
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Parasympathetic nervous system |
Maintains balance in body systems when there is no need to respond to a threat and suppresses arousal response after a state of heightened arousal |
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The Hindbrain |
Mid brain, pons, cerebellum, medulla spinal cord |
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Medula |
Regulates breathing heart rate sneezing salivating vomiting |
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Pons |
Contributes to our sleeping and waking cycle controls balance eye movement swallowing |
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Reticular activating system |
Projects into mid brain important for alertness contributes to waking and sleep cycle |
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Cerebellum |
important for coordinating movements< maintaining balance and influences attention and emotional responses |
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The Mindbrain |
above hindbrain serves as transmission point. superior colliculi, inferior cociculi, tectum |
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Superior Colliculus |
Controls our orienting response to the sudden presence of a visual stimuli |
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Inferior Colliculum |
Responsible for orienting attention to te fourth ventricle |
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The Forebrain |
Lateral ventricle, cerebral aquaduct third ventricle fourth ventricle |
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cerebrospinal fluid |
performs important waste removal and nutrient providing functions |
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basal ganglia |
responsible for engaging in planned physical movements, learing motor skills, integrating sensory info. |
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corprolalia |
type of tourettes syndrome - shouting of offensive words - very rare |
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The Nucleus Accembens |
works with the basil ganglia to generate "oh yeah!" pleasure experience |
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Amygdala |
controls the creation of memory for emotional experiences and processing emotional context of stimuli |
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Hippocampus |
Key structure for creating new memories. Damage to this structure can cause catastrophic amnesia |
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Hypothalamus |
Regulates body temperature and help coordinate biological drives such as sex and agression by controlling the release of hormones by the pituitary gland. |
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Thalamus |
Relay station for recieving and transmitting sensory info from eyes, ears skin and tongue to higher brain areas |
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The Cerebral Cortex |
4 lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes |
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Occipital Lobes |
Devoted to early processing of visual info with direct connection from the regions of the thalamus that relay inputs from the eyes to our brain. Aka Primary visual cortex |
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Parietal Lobes |
Recieve info about the visual world from the occipital lobes and use it to provide us with info for visually-guided actions. Also contains somatosensory cortex, which controls sense of touch |
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Temporal Lobes |
Receive inputs from occipital cortex and use them to provide info about the identity and meaning of visual stimuli, contains the area for early processing of auditory info |
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Primary Auditory Cortex |
Cause hearing impairment- cortical deafness. Front part of lobes essential for accessing general knowledge about the world |
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Wernickes area |
Controls speech comprehension |
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Brocas area |
INvolved in articulating spoken words |
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Frontal Lobes |
Executive control center of brain. Ability to make plans, initiate action, creative problem solving, language production host personality controls emotions in innapropriate context |
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Primary motor cortex |
controls voluntary movements |
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Corpus Callosum |
thick tissue between hemispheres |
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Neuroplacisity |
brains capacity to change its structure as a consequence of experience and learning |
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Lesioning |
causing brain damage in non humans then measuring what effect it has on their behavious |
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Trans-cranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) |
Directing a magnetic pulse to an area of a persons brain and seeing what effect that has on their mental function |
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Structural Neuroimaging |
NOn-invasive technologies that provide information about the state of brain structure |
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Computerized Tomography (CT scan) |
A set of X rays are taken of the brain by rotating a tube around a persons head |
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) |
A machine generates a magnetic field that brings hydrogen molecules in our brain into alignment. Radia waves are sent through the skull to disrupt this alignment |
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Disruption Tensor Imaging (EEG) |
Involves attatching electrodes to a persons scalp and measuring the electrical activity generated by neurons sending messages to one another |
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Event- related potentials (ERPs) |
EEG recordings that follow presentations of a stimuli |
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Magneroencephalography (MEG) |
Provides a measure of the magnetic fields generated from neural activity |
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POsiton Emission Tomography (PET) |
INvolves injecting a radioactive substance into the bloodstream and then later using a scan to detect which part of the brain contain more of the substance |
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Functional Magnetic Resonance imaging (FMRI) |
Involves placing a persons head in a magnetic field and scanning for changes in consumption of oxygen by different parts of the brain. |