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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Hindsight bias |
"You knew it all along" - believing, in hindsight, that something is an obvious truth, although initially it was actually unknown to you |
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False consensus |
Overestimating the extent of similarity between oneself and others (as if everyone has similar beliefs to you) |
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Empiricism |
Knowledge comes from experience Anti-dogmatist (accepting info as unquestionable and absolute) |
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Experimental vs. correlational studies |
Experimental: Cause and effect Manipulating specific variables
Correlational: Connectivity Studying connections between variables |
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Within-subject experiments |
Participants exposed to diff. independent variables |
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Between-group experiments |
Different groups exposed to different independent variables |
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Name 4 types of atudy |
Naturalist observation Case study Lab observation Survey |
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Naturalist observation |
Study of people/animals in own environment |
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Lab observation |
Study person/animal in a controlled setting |
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Case stidy |
Study one or a few individuals in depth When looking for rather specific cases/objects of study |
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Survey |
Self-reporting behavior or opinions on matters |
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Observer bias |
Observer expects to see certain behavior, and thus notices that behavior more often than realistic |
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Descriptive vs. inferential statistics |
Descriptive: Summarizing data sets
Inferential: Uses probability laws to link results to correlation rather than chance |
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Correlation (value, positive & negative) |
R-value from 0-1, 1 demonstrating high correlation (+)-correlation: both values increase/decrease together (-)-correlation: values increase/decrease opposite |
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Hypothesis and null hypothesis |
Arguing for vs. against correlation/causation |
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Descriptive vs. inferential statistics |
Descriptive: Summarizing data sets
Inferential: Uses probability laws to link results to correlation rather than chance |
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Correlation (value, positive & negative) |
R-value from 0-1, 1 demonstrating high correlation (+)-correlation: both values increase/decrease together (-)-correlation: values increase/decrease opposite |
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Hypothesis and null hypothesis |
Arguing for vs. against correlation/causation |
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Experimenter &a participant biases |
Experimenter's expectations influence study
Participant tried to help/harm experiment results |
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Central tendency |
Mean, median, mode |
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Statistical variability |
Range, standard deviation |
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Statistical significance |
P-value < 0.05 is significant |
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Demand characteristics |
Factors that influence participant behavior to fit how they believe they should act for the experiment |