Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The branch of psychology that systematically focuses on the physical, cognitive, and social changes that occur
throughout the life cycle is called |
developmental psychology
|
|
One of the three major issues in developmental psychology involves the study of
|
habituation
|
|
A fertilized egg is called a(n)
|
zygote
|
|
From 2 weeks to 8 weeks after conception, the human organism is known as a(n)
|
embryo
|
|
The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth is known as a(n)
|
fetus
|
|
Newborn infants typically prefer their mother's voice over their father's voice because
|
they become familiar with their mother's voice before they are born.
|
|
Harmful chemicals or viruses that can be transferred from a mother to her developing fetus are called
|
teratogens
|
|
Sierra, a 28-year-old heroin addict, is pregnant. Her baby will be born
|
heroin addict
|
|
The symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome demonstrate that alcohol is a
|
teratogen
|
|
Three-month-old Andrew was obviously startled by the first ring of the telephone, but with each subsequent ring he
seemed to become less reactive. This best illustrates the process of |
habituation
|
|
Research on the perceptual abilities of newborns indicates that they
|
look more at a facelike image than at a bull's-eye pattern
|
|
Excess neural connections in the brain's association areas are reduced through a process of
|
pruning
|
|
Biological growth processes that are relatively uninfluenced by experience and that enable orderly changes in behavior
are referred to as |
maturation
|
|
Putting babies to sleep on their backs to reduce the risk of crib death has been associated with a slight delay in children's
|
crawling
|
|
It is difficult to successfully train many children to walk before they are 10 months old. This best illustrates the
importance of |
maturation
|
|
When tethered to a mobile, infants learned the association between
|
kicking and the mobile's movement
|
|
A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information is called a(n)
|
schema
|
|
. According to Piaget, assimilation involves
|
altering existing schemas in order to incorporate new information.
|
|
Adjusting current schemas to make sense of new information is called
|
assimilation
|
|
Lisa attempts to retrieve her bottle after her father hides it under a blanket. This suggests that Lisa has developed a sense
of |
object permanence
|
|
The discovery that 5-month-old infants stare longer at numerically impossible outcomes suggests that Piaget
|
underestimated the cognitive capacities of infants.
|
|
The principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects
is called |
conservation
|
|
Although Mr. Tong was obviously busy reading an absorbing novel, his 5-year-old daughter kept interrupting him with
comments and questions about the TV cartoons she was watching. Before Mr. Tong becomes irritated with his daughter for being inconsiderate, he should be alerted to Piaget's concept of |
egocentrism
|
|
Children's ability to infer other people's intentions and feelings is indicative of their emerging
|
theory of mind
|
|
In an experiment, children see a doll named Sally leave her ball in a red cupboard and go away. They then observe
another doll, Anne, move the ball to a different location. In asking children where Sally will look for the ball upon her return, the investigators are testing the children’s |
theory of mind
|
|
Autism is a disorder characterized by deficient social interaction and an impaired
|
theory of mind
|
|
Vygotsky emphasized that parents help children achieve advanced levels of thinking by sharing
|
words
|
|
Young children typically try to stay very close to their parents when they are in an unfamiliar setting. This best
illustrates the adaptive value of |
attachment
|
|
The Harlows' studies of infant monkeys raised with artificial mothers suggest that body contact promotes
|
attachment
|
|
Infant monkeys raised with a nourishing wire mother and a nonnourishing cloth mother
|
preferred the nourishing wire mother
|
|
Lambs raised in the barn where the cattle are kept tend to stay near the cattle when subsequently placed in open pasture.
This best illustrates a process known as |
imprinting
|
|
. Even though Alicia was busy playing when her mother came to pick her up from her baby-sitter, she quickly ran to her
mother, gesturing to be held. Alicia most clearly showed signs of |
secure attachment
|
|
Infants who are unable to predict how their parents will react to their cries for care and attention are especially likely to
show signs of |
insecure attachment
|
|
Questions about the extent to which secure attachments are influenced by infant temperament or by responsive parenting
are most directly relevant to the issue of |
nature or nurture
|
|
Securely attached people exhibit less
|
fear of failure
|
|
Research indicates that most abusive parents report that they themselves were
|
battered or neglected as children
|
|
Dmitri is a typical 6-month-old. When he looks into a mirror he is likely to
|
reach toward the image as if it were another child
|
|
Researchers have sneakily dabbed rouge on young children's noses in order to study the developmental beginnings of
|
self awareness
|
|
Authoritarian parents are especially likely to be
|
inflexible
|
|
The Albertsons establish and enforce rules for their children to follow. They give reasons for the rules and invite their
teenagers to join in the discussion when new rules are being made. Psychologists would characterize the Albertsons as ________ parents |
authoritative
|
|
Which of the following phases of development extends from the beginnings of sexual maturity to independent
adulthood? |
adolescense
|
|
An example of a primary sex characteristic is a
|
woman's ovaries
|
|
The speed of neurotransmission in the frontal lobe increases during adolescence due to the growth of
|
myelin
|
|
Like Piaget, Kohlberg emphasized that children's moral judgments build on their
|
physical development
|
|
A postconventional level of morality is most likely to be found in cultures that value
|
individualism
|
|
Today's character education programs teach children to experience
|
empathy
|
|
Fred has no meaningful occupational goals and has switched college majors several times. Erikson would have
suggested that Fred lacks |
identity
|
|
Compared with 40 years ago, in the United States today people are likely to
|
marry for the first time at a later age
|
|
Which of the following is TRUE of adolescence today as compared to a century ago?
|
Menarche occurs earlier in life, and adult independence occurs later in life
|
|
Which of the following describes gender differences in life expectancy?
|
The number of newborn females is equal to the number of males, and females have a longer life expectancy than do
males. |
|
The deterioration of memory and thinking caused by ailments such as Alzheimer's disease or a series of small strokes is
called |
dementia.
|
|
An early sign of Alzheimer's disease would most likely be
|
Difficulty in naming familiar objects or people
|
|
In recall and recognition tests of memory for recently learned material, older adults are more likely than young adults to
have difficulty |
recalling meaningless material
|
|
In which research method are the same people retested over a period of years?
|
longitudinal
|
|
The idea that adult intelligence declines with age has been challenged most effectively by
|
longitudinal research.
|
|
Crystallized intelligence refers most directly to a person's
|
accumulated knowledge and verbal skills
|
|
Which of the following terms refers to a person's ability to reason speedily and abstractly
|
fluid intelligence
|
|
Kathryn and Rafael's third and last child is leaving home for college next year. Their empty nest is likely to be a(n)
________ place. |
happy
|
|
The grief experienced over the death of a loved one is especially severe when death is experienced
|
as coming before it's expected time on the social clock.
|
|
Researchers who emphasize learning and experience tend to view development as
|
a continuous process, while those who emphasize maturation often view development as a sequence of stages
|
|
Questions about the extent to which maladaptive habits learned in childhood can be overcome in adulthood are most
directly relevant to the issue of |
stability or change
|
|
The conflicting results of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of aging and intelligence are of greatest relevance to
the issue of |
concrete or formal operational thought.
|
|
As boys with explosive tempers grow older, they are especially likely to have difficulty maintaining good jobs and
happy marriages. This fact is most relevant to the issue of |
stability or change
|
|
Human personality shows the greatest stability during
|
adulthood
|