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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define the three types of hypotheses discussed and tested
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Hard plaster: There should be no age effects on any of the Big Five dimension after age 30 (reliably different from zero)
Soft plaster: Personality is not fully hardened but is becoming more and more viscous – personality traits change more slowly after age 30 than before 30 Contextualist: change is complex and ongoing, owing to many factors that can affect personality traits |
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Three important social role domains that undergo changes in early and middle adulthood
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Work, marriage/partnership, parenting
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Changes in all Big 5 traits before & after age 30
Conscientiousness |
Conscientiousness: Both slopes for men and women were significantly and substantially different from zero (rejection of hard plaster). Supports the soft plaster hypothesis because it indicates that people change less in conscientiousness after 30 than before age 30.
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Changes in all Big 5 traits before & after age 30
Openness |
Openness: Slopes for men and women were significantly negative(reject hard plaster). Both men and women increased in openness up to age 30 then decreased.For men, the decline after age 30 > than increase up to age 30(reject soft plaster).For women , decline after age 30 was not significantly different from magnitude of the increase up to 30 (reject soft plaster)
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Changes in all Big 5 traits before & after age 30
Neuroticism |
Neuroticism: For men , this slope for age 31-60 was not significantly different from 0 (consistent with hard plaster). Women declined significantly different from 0 (contradict hard plaster).21-30 slope for women was not significantly weaker than age 31-60(reject soft plaster).
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Changes in all Big 5 traits before & after age 30
Agreeableness |
Agreeableness: Increased significantly from age 31-60 for both men and women(contradict hard plaster)/Slopes for age 31-60 > age 21-30 (reject soft plaster)
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Changes in all Big 5 traits before & after age 30
Extraversion |
Extraversion: Decreased significantly 31-60 for women, but not men.(reject hard plaster) For men (support soft plaster). For women, absolute strength of the increase from age 21-30 was not different from decrease from 31-60 (reject soft plaster)
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How did the changes in Big 5 traits differ between males and females after age 30?
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Both: agreeableness and conscientiousness increased (change less after 30)
Both: openness declined with age (only slightly) Extraversion declined for women but not men Neuroticism declined for women but not much for men |
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How did these findings support or disconfirm each hypothesis?
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No support for hard plaster
Conscientiousness demonstrated soft plaster effect (both genders) as did extraversion in men Contextualist - supported |
