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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Contiguity |
Events experienced at the same time (ex - chairs/ tables often seen together) |
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Frequency |
More often we experience events that are contiguous, the more we associate them. |
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Similarity |
if 2 things are similar the thought of one will trigger the thought of the other |
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Empericism |
knowledge emerges from experience, all the ideas that we have are the result of experience |
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Nativism |
all ideas that we have/ knowledge we have is inborn, acquire during the past lifetimes of our eternal spirit |
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Dualism |
principal that the mind/ body exist as a separate entities, each with different characteristics, governed by its own laws |
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Reflexes |
Mechanism for producing an automotive, reaction in response to external evens. Outside World > to eyes > brain > muscles > create physical response *reflex arc* |
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Theory of Evolution |
Theory that species change over time, with new traits or characteristics emerging and being passed from one generation to the next. |
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Natural Selection |
Proposed a mechanism for how evolution occurs |
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Independent Variable |
Variable that is carefully manipulated (length of delay between learning & relearning) |
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Dependent Variable |
Factor/ variable under observation (memory retention) |
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Bias |
If information about experiment is known, it might influence results/ outcome |
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Law of Effect |
the probability of a popular behavioral response increased/ decreased depending on the consequences (positive or negative) that followed |
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Behaviorism |
Un-observable, and often ill-defined, internal mental events (such as consciousness, intent, and thought). Proponents of this were known as behaviorist |
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Cognitive Learning |
an internal psychology representation of the spatial layout of external world |
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Latent Learning |
Learning that takes place even without motivation |
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Cognitive Psychology |
a new sub-field of psychology that focused on human abilities such as thinking, language, and reasoning - the abilities not easily explained by a strictly behaviorist approach. |
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Stimulus Sampling Theory |
a key principal is that random variation "sampling" is essential for learning, much as it is essential for the adaption of species in Darwins theory through natural selection |
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insight learning |
learning is experienced as a transition from ignorance to knowledge in a single trial. |
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Information Theory |
A mathematical theory of communication that provides a precise measure of how much information is contained in a single message, based not only on the message itself, but also on listening prior knowledge |
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) |
intelligence displayed/ exhibited by machines and software |
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Connectionist Model |
ideas/ concepts in the external world that are represented as a distinct and discrete symbol, but rather as patterns of activity over populations of many nodes |
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Symbol Manipulation |
manipulation of characters rather than numbers |
