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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
social psychology
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the subfield of psychology that focuses on how people think about other people and interact in relationships and groups
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social cognition
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the are of social psychology that focuses on how people perceive their social worlds and how they attend to, store, remember, and use information about other people and the social world
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attitude
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an overall evaluation about some aspect of the world
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cognitive dissonance
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the uncomfortable state that arises because of a discrepancy between an attitude and behavior or between two attitudes
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persuasion
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attempts to change peoples attitudes
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mere exposure effect
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the change generally favorable in attitude that can result from simply becoming familiar with something
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stereotype
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a belief (or set of beliefs) about people in a particular category
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ingroup
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an individuals own group
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outgroup
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a group other than an individuals own
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prejudice
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an attitude (generally negative) toward members of a group
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recategorization
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a means of reducing prejudice by shifting the categories of
"us" and "them" so that the two groups are no longer distinct enemies |
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attribution
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an explanation for the cause of an event or behavior
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internal attribution
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an explanation of someone's behavior that focuses on the person's preferences, beliefs, goals, or other characteristics
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external attribution
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an explanation of someones behavior that focuses on the situation
also called situational attribution |
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attributional bias
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a cognitive shortcut for determining attribution that generally occurs outside of conscious awareness
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fundamental attribution/correspondence bias
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the strong tendency to interpret other peoples behavior as due to internal causes rather than external ones
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self-serving bias
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a persons inclination to attribute his or her own failures to external causes and own successes to internal causes, but to attribute other peoples failures to internal causes and their successes to external causes
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belief in a just world
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an attributional bias that assumes that people get what they deserve
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passionate love
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an intense feeling that involves sexual attraction, a desire for mutual love and physical closeness, arousal, and a fear that the relationship will end
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companionate love
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a type of love marked by very close friendship, mutual caring, liking, respect, and attraction
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deindividuation
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the loss of sense of self that occurs when people in a group are anonymous
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norms
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a shared belief that is enforced through a group's use of penalties
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conformity
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a change in beliefs or behavior in order to follow a group's norms
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compliance
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a change in behavior prompted by a direct request rather than by social norms
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foot-in-the-door technique
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a technique that achieves compliance by beginning with an insiginficate request, which is then followed by a larger request
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lowball technique
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a compliance technique that consists of getting someone to make an agreement and then increasing the cost of that agreement
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door in the face technique
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someone makes a very large request and then, when it is denied, as expected, makes a smaller request
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obedience
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compliance with an order
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group polarization
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the tendency of group members opinions to become more extreme after group discussion
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groupthink
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the tendency of people who try to solve problems together to accept one another's information and ideas without subjecting them to critical analysis
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social loafing
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the tendency to work less hard when responsibility for an outcome is spread over a group's members
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social facilitiation
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the increase in performance that can occur simply as a result of being part of a group or in the presence of other people
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prosocial behavior
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acting to benefit others
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bystander effect
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the decrease of offers of assistance that occurs as the number of bystanders increases
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diffusion of responsiblity
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the diminished sense of responsibility to help that each person feels as the number of bystanders grow
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