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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
DNA Polymerase
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an enzyme that binds free floating nucleotides to a DNA template.
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RNA Polymerase
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an enzyme that starts (catalyzes) the formation of RNA by using a strand of a DNA molecule as a template
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Helicase
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enzyme that unwinds and separates the two strands of the DNA double helix.
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Ligase
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an enzyme that catalyzes the binding of DNA strands for the lagging strand of replication.
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Single Stranded Binding Proteins (SSB)
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proteins that help to prevent DNA strands from re-adhering during replication.
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Protein
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large biological molecules consisting of one or more chains of amino acids
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nucleotide
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an organic compound that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base; the basic building block of a nucleic-acid chain
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codon
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in DNA and mRNA, a three-nucleotide sequence that encodes an amino acid or signifies a start signal or a stop signal
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tRNA
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form of RNA that brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
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mRNA
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form of RNA that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis
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rRNA
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RNA that is in the ribosome and guides the translation of mRNA into a protein
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Transcription
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the process of forming a nucleic acid by using another molecule as a template; particularly the process of synthesizing RNA by using one strand of a DNA molecule as a template
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Translation
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the portion of protein synthesis that takes place at ribosomes and that uses the codons in mRNA molecules to specify the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains
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Replication
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process by which DNA is copied.
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stop codon
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codon that signals to ribosomes to stop translation
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antidcodon
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a region of a tRNA molecule that consists of a sequence of three bases that is complementary to an mRNA codon
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Central Dogma of DNA
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theory that states that, in cells, information only flows from DNA to RNA to proteins.
DNA --> RNA --> Protein |
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RNA
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ribonucleic acid, a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis
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double helix
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model that compares the structure of a DNA molecule, in which two strands wind around one another, to that of a twisted ladder
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Base Pairing Rules
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the rules stating that in DNA cytosine pairs with guanine and adenine pairs with thymine and that in RNA cytosine pairs with guanine and adenine pairs with uracil
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