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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Empiricism
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The view that a. knowledge comes from experience via the senses and b. science flourishes through observation and experiment
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Structuralism
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An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind (Titchener)
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Functionalism
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A school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive and flourish. (William James)
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Psychology
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The science of behavior and mental processes
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Nature-Nurture Issue
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The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors.
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Natural Selection
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The principle that among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.
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Basic research
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Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base
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Applied research
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Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems.
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Clinical Psychology
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A branch of psychology that studies, assesses and treats people with psychological disorders.
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Psychiatry
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a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physcians who sometimes provide medical treatments as welll as psychological therapy.
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Neuroscience
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How the body and brain enable emotions, memories and sensory experiences.
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Evolutionary
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How the natural selection of traits promotes the perpetuation of one's genes.
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Behavior Genetics
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How much our genes and our environment influence our individual differences
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Psychodynamic
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How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts.
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Behavioral
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How we learn observable responses
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Cognitive
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How we encode, process, store and retrieve information
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Social-Cultural
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How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures.
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Descartes
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Mind is entirely distinct from the body.
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Titchener
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Structuralism: Introspection
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Locke
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Blank slate/Empiricism
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Wundt
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Father of Psychology, first psychological experiment
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William James
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Functionalism
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Mary Calkins
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1st woman to become APA president. Tutored by William James. Finished all the requirements for a Havard Ph.D, outscoring all the male students. Was refused her degree.
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Margaret Floy Washburn
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First woman to receive a psychology Ph.D.
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John B. Watson, Rosalie Rayner, B.F. Skinner
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Championed Behavioralism
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Ivan Pavlov
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Russian, pioneered study of learning
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Jean Piaget
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Swiss Psychologist, most influential observer of children.
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Sigmund Freud
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Austrian, dreams and personality theorist.
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