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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ultrasonography |
Primary way to image a fetus. Wide availability, low cost, lack of side effects. Chorionic sac and contents visualized in embryonic and fetal periods. Size, multiple births, abnormalities of placental shape, etc. Ultrasound Scans: accurate measurements on cranium size etc. diagnose abnormal pregnancies at young age. fetal abnormalities seen can guide biopsies of fetus
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Diagnostic Amniocentesis |
Invasive; prenatal procedure Usually around 15-18 weeks 22 gauge needle inserted pierces chorion and amnion too little fluid before 14 withdraw fluid; low risk. realtime ultrasonography to aid. - can detect genetic disorders like down syndrome Neural tube deficiencies, x-linked disorders, parent chromosomal abnormality, previous trisomic child, etc. |
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Alpha-fetoprotein assay |
glycoprotein synthesized by fetal liver, umbilical vesicle, and gut. If it's high cold indicate sever anomalies of CNS and ventral abdominal wall. - neural tube defect ^ concentration - mother's is low when child has chromosomal defect. |
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Spectrophotometric Studies |
Assessing the degree of erythroblastosis fetalis: hemolytic disease of the newborn.
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Chorionic Villus Sampling |
Biopsy trophoblastic tissue with needle through mom's abdomen. or transervically. Fetal karyotype available way earlier than with amniocentesis. 1% higher risk of miscarriage. Results sooner, performed earlier. Chromosomal testing
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Sex Chromatin Patterns |
look for sex chromatin masses. Diagnose sex-linked such as hereditary diseases like hemophilia and muscular dystrophy |
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Cell cultures and chromosomal analysis |
Fetal sex and chromosomal aberrations with cultured fetal cells obtained through amniocentesis. When down syndrome is suspected. Can use insitu hybridization for microdeletion/duplications. inborn errors of metabolism
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Fetal transfusion |
Hemolytic disease of the newborn need intrauterine blood transfusion. needle into fetal peritoneal cavity. PUBS: directly into umbilical vein alloimmune thrombocytopenia drugs are new idea |
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Fetoscopy |
Fiberoptic instruments; look directly at fetal body parts. Entire fetus for birth defects (cleft lip, limb) Needle used like amniocentesis 17-20 weeks Thin-needle now can be used for first trimester Risky: Kinda phased out TTTs syndrome is used. Release of amniotic bands it's used. |
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Percutaneous Umbilical Cord Sampleing |
Blood samples. Aneuploidy, fetal growth restriction, fetal infection, anemia diagnosed after 18 weeks perfrmed. ultrasounds needed to identify umbilical cord. isoimmunizations; give fetus packed RBCs |
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MRI |
When planning treatment can give more info than ultrasound. No ionizing radiation. |
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Fetal monitoring |
Heart rate monitored with transducers on mom's abdomen. |
