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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
5 biologic theories
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- biologic clock theory
- free radical theory - wear and tear theory - immune system failure theory - autoimmune theory |
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Cells programmed to live a certain amount of time, then break down and die
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Biologic Clock Theory
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Cells are damaged by toxins in the environment, including the waste products from metabolism
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Free Radical Theory
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Organs eventually wear out like machinery
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Wear and Tear Theory
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System loses ability to protect the body from disease, and becomes more susceptible to diseases that eventually kill us
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Immune System Failure Theory
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Body no longer recognizes itself and begins to attack itself and breakdown
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Autoimmune Theory
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3 psychosocial theories
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- disengagement theory
- activity theory - continuity theory |
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Normal for older people to withdraw from each other
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Disengagement Theory
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People who are active and interested continue to enjoy life and live longer
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Activity Theory
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Individuals' basic personalities remain constant; they cope with aging similar to how they cope with other stages of life
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Continuity Theory
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A continual process of biologic, cognitive, and psychosocial change tha begins at conception
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Aging
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Aging
- your ___ of aging influences your definition of being old - a major contributor to longer life is is that people are ___ throughout their lives now than they were 100 years ago - the ___, ___ person generally lives longer |
- perception
- healthier - optimistic, happy |
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A systematic sterotyping of and discrimination against people simply because they are old
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Ageism
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The study of the aging process
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Gerontology
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The care of aging people
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Geriatrics
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Described by Butler in 1968 as a negative attitude and practices which are directed to the elderly
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Ageism
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Are normal physical changes of aging
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Benign Senescence
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Integumentary System
- skin is __, ___, and less ___ - skin ___ easily and and takes longer to ___ when injured - ___ and ___ production decreases - hair color ___ or becomes ___ - nails become ___ and ___ - hair and nails grow at a ___ rate |
- thinner, drier, less elastic
- bruises , heal - sweating, oil - fades , gray - thick, dry - slow |
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Musculoskeletal System
- muscles ___ - muscles ___ in strength - bones lose ___, become ___, and ___ easily - joints become ___ and ___ - vertebrae ___ - ___ and ___ joints flex slightly * ___ intervertebral disks * ___ bone calcium * ___ muscle mass * ___ ligaments and tendons |
- atrophy
- decrease - strength, brittle, break - stiff and painful - shorten - hip and knee * thinned * decreased * smaller * less elastic |
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Nervous System
- touch and sensitivity to pain ___ - ___ to the brain is reduced - vision and hearing ___ - ___ occurs - ___ are lost - ___, ___, and ___ are slower |
- decrease
- blood flow - decrease - forgetfulness - brain cells - reflexes, response, reaction times |
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Cardiovascular System
- arteries ___ and are less ___ - blood pressure ___ - heart muscles work ___ but are ___ at pumping - reduced ___ in extremities |
- narrow , elastic
- increases - harder , less effective - circulation |
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Respiratory System
- respiratory muscles become ___ - lung tissues becomes ___ - * ___ alveolar walls - * ___ respiratory muscles - * ___ vital capacity |
- weaken
- less elastic - * thickened - * weakened - * decreased |
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Digestive System
- ___ production of saliva and digestive juices - slower ___ leading to constipation - ___ appetite that results in ___ - ___ and difficulty digesting ___ foods - difficulty ___ - possible loss of ___ |
- decreased
- digestion - decreased , weight loss - indigestion , fatty foods - swallowing (dysphagia) - teeth |
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Urinary System
- kidney function ___ - the kidneys ___ - blood flow to the kidneys is ___ - bladder muscles ___ - bladder size ___ - in men, the ___ enlarges - ___ are most common risks |
- decreases
- atrophy - reduced - weaken - decreases - prostate gland - UTI |
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Urinary Incontinence
- ___ is one of the most common reasons for institutionalization - clothing should be ___ - voiding should be ___ or ___ - keep the skin clean and dry to prevent ___ |
- UTI
- easy release - prompted or habit (timed) - skin breakdown |
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6 nursing interventions for urinary incontinence
- provide ___ every ___ hours - keep record of ___ and ___ - provide ___ to assist with bladder leakage - always provide patient ___ - provide a ___ on urinary problems - problems must be reported to the ___ - * ___ mL/h of urine needs to be accounted for |
- toileting (bathroom) opportunities , 2 hrs
- intake and output (I/O) - products - privacy - mini-teaching seminar - physician - * 30 mL |
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Preventing Falls
- assess ___ - change positions ___ - use a ___ if needed - educate to keep ___ - ensure proper ___ and ___ treatments - limit bed ___ |
- medications
- slowly - gait belt - active - arthritis and osteoporosis - confinement |
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The pysicial, psychological, social, cultural, and spiritual factors that affect a person's feelings and attitudes about his or her sex.
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Sexuality
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Most people older than ___ have at least one ___ health problem
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- 75 , chronic
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Cognitive Aspects of Aging
- Schaie's stage of cognitive development is called the ___, which states that older adults can be ___ - ___ can be maintained into advanced years - ___ of thinking may be slow but thinking ___ remain intact - ___ or ___ deficits are not cognitive dysfunction |
- reintegrative stage , selective about how they spend their time
- intelligence - speed , processes - vision or hearing |
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Psychosocial Aspects of Aging
- Erikson's stage of development is called ___ vs ___ - this is the time for ___ one's life |
- ego integrity vs despair
- reminisence |
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Is someone who supports or promotes the needs and interests of another person
- acts on behalf of ___ and ___ residents in long term care |
Ombudsman
- nursing center and assisted living residents |
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Ombudsman
- investigate and resolve ___ - provide services to ___ residents - provide information about ___ services - monitor nursing center ___ and ___ - provide ___ to resident and family groups |
- complaints
- assist - long term care - care and conditions - support |
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Long Term Care Residents
~ Obudsmen Program - have the right to voice ___ and ___ - have the right to ___ with anyone of their choice |
- grievances and disputes
- communicate privately |
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3 theories of aging
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- Biologic Theory
- Psychosocial Theory - Genetic Theory |
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The following are examples of ___ :
- negelected personal hygiene, irregular dressing, soiled clothing - home neglect - making unusual purchases - confusion about medication |
signs that an older person needs help
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Constipation
- 4 factors associated with constipation - signs and symptoms may include ___ or ___, ___, the passing of ___, and loss of ___ |
- decreased bowel motility, bed rest, pain medication, poor diet
- abdominal cramping or rectal pain, abdominal distension, small amounts of liquid stools, loss of appetite |
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The physical changes that are measured and that occur in a steady and orderly manner
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Growth
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The relation to changes in mental, emotional, and social function
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Development
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