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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
bryophytes
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nonvascular plants
liverworts, hornworts, mosses |
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Tracheophyta
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vascular plants
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Lycophyta and Pterophyta
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club mosses and ferns
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Coniferphyta
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evergreen trees and shrubs
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Gymnosperms
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cone-bearing trees
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anthophyta
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plants that bear flower-like structures
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Angiosperms
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extant flowering plants
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basic structure of plants
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root system below ground: primary root with secondary roots
shoot system above ground: stem with leaves |
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three vegetative organs of plants
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stems, leaves, and roots
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organelles specific to plant cells
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cell wall made of cellulose
chloroplasts |
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xylem
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"wood"
conducts water and minerals through plant |
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phloem
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living tissue of plant
distributes sugars and other organic products |
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cambium
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undifferentiated cells that can specialize into other tissues
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cuticle
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waxy outer coating of leaves
protective, helps prevent water loss |
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upper epidermis
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upper surface of leaf, outermost layer of cells
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lower epidermis
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lower surface of leaf
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spongy mesophyll
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middle layer of leaf
area of photosynthesis has air spaces |
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palisade mesophyll
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upper middle layer
photosynthesis tightly packed with cells |
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stomata
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pore for gas exchange
on underside of leaf |
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guard cells
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open and close stomata
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sporophyte
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diploid generation
produces gametes by mitosis |
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gametophyte
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haploid generation, the gametes
join at fertilization to form the sporophyte |
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stamen
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male organs of a flower
stalk and anther |
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anther
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produces pollen
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pollen
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male plant gamete
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pistil
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female flower organs
stigma, style, ovary |
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stigma
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sticky top of pistil
pollen deposit site |
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style
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pistil stalk
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petal
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sterile, often colorful
used for attracting pollinators |
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sepal
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sterile leaf-like structure
protects bug before it opens |
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ovary
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base of pistil
contains ovules |
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fertilization
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union of male and female gametes
a pollen lands on the stigma, a sperm is released and makes its way through the style to the ovary where it can fertilize an ovule |
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endosperm
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food-storing tissue of seeds
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cotyledon
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seed leaf, contains the endosperm
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epicotyl
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embryonic plant tissue above the cotyledon and bellow the first leaves
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hypocotyl
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embryonic tissue below the cotyledon and above the radicle
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auxins
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plant hormone that regulates cell elongation, root formation, secondary growth, and fruit growth
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gibberellins
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stimulate growth in the stem and leaves
triggers germination of seeds breaks bud dormancy |
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kinins
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promote cell division in roots and shoots
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ethylene
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-gaseous hormone
released in response to mechanical stress used for fruit ripening and leaf dropping |
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phototropism
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growth in response to light source
auxin controlled |
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geotropism
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growth in response to gravity
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phototroph
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energy derived from light
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chemotroph
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energy derived form inorganic chemical reactions
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