Physiology Lab Exam 1 Review

Front 1

Diffusion is caused by-

Back 1

random molecular motion

Front 2

Osmosis is caused by-

Back 2

diffusion of water (solvent) across a membrane

Front 3

Filtration is determined by-

Back 3

hydostatic pressure

Front 4

In diffusion, kinetic energy can be increased by-

Back 4

increasing the temperature

Front 5

In diffusion, the number of collision can be increased by (without kinetic energy)-

Back 5

-increasing the permeability of the membrane
-increasing the surface area of a membrane
-increasing the magnitude of the concentration gradient

Front 6

Increase blood pressure can affect the delivery of nutrients to body cells because

Back 6

it can lead to damaging or bursting of the capillaries

Front 7

_ is the process most affected by the thickening of the basement membranes of some capillaries

Back 7

Filtration

Front 8

Equilibrium is

Back 8

when the concentrations of solutes are the same in the solution

Front 9

Nutrients reach cells from the

Back 9

blood plasma

Front 10

From plasma, nutrients and fluids are _ through _ to reach tissue fluid

Back 10

filtered
capillary wall

Front 11

Nutrients then _ from the tissue fluid to the _

Back 11

diffuse
cell membranes

Front 12

_ is the major process that moves fluid and solutes out the plasma and into the tissue fluid

Back 12

filtration

Front 13

Filtration occurs because of a _ difference on two sides of the capillary wall

Back 13

hydrostatic (fluid) pressure

Front 14

The rates of _ and _ affect the number of molecules entering the tissue fluid and reaching cells

Back 14

filtration
diffusion

Front 15

Homeostasis is

Back 15

a relatively constant internal environment

Front 16

Homeostasis is maintained by by

Back 16

cells
tissues
organs

Front 17

A set point is

Back 17

internal constancy is maintained within, sensors detect deviations from a set point

Front 18

A normal range is

Back 18

a range of measurements that includes most healthy people

Front 19

_ is a technique that allows the determination of a solute concentration in a solution

Back 19

Spectrophotometry

Front 20

The basis of spectrophotometry is

Back 20

Beer's Law

Front 21

Beer's Law states

Back 21

that the concentration of a solute in a solution is directly proporsional to the amount of light absorbed by that solution

Front 22

Equipment that measures the light absorbance of a solution

Back 22

Spechtrophotometer

Front 23

The concentration of solute in a solution such as plasma can be detemined by comparing its absorbance to that of several

Back 23

standard solutions

Front 24

Standard curve is

Back 24

light absorbance and concentrations of several standard solutions graphed

Front 25

When carbs are consumed, _ is the primary product

Back 25

glucose

Front 26

_ and _ take in extra glucose and store it as _

Back 26

Skeletal muscle cells
liver cells
glycogen

Front 27

When glucose concentration rises, the _ secretes _ to decrease the blood glucose concentration

Back 27

pancreas
insulin

Front 28

When blood glucose concentration falls below normal, _ secretes the hormone _

Back 28

pancreas
glucagon

Front 29

_ stimulates the breakdown of _ into _ and the release of _ into blood

Back 29

Glucagon
glycogen
glucose
glucose

Front 30

Diabetes mellitus can be caused by

Back 30

inadequate insulin secretion or utilization

Front 31

Plasma proteins are found in

Back 31

blood plasma

Front 32

Most plasma proteins are synthesized by

Back 32

living cells and secreted into plsma

Front 33

Proteins are grouped into

Back 33

-Albumins
-Globulins
-Fibrinogen

Front 34

Albumins functions

Back 34

transport other chemical substances in the blood

Front 35

Globulins functions

Back 35

-transport other chemicals in the blood
-participate in blood clotting
-act as antibodies in the body's defense against infections
-

Front 36

fibrinogen function

Back 36

blood clotting process

Front 37

The high concentration of _ in plasma attracts and holds water in the plasma

Back 37

protein

Front 38

A low plasma concentration can be caused by

Back 38

-liver disease
-kidney disease

Front 39

Liver disease causes

Back 39

a decrease in plasma protein synthesis

Front 40

Kidney disease causes

Back 40

a loss of proteins into urine

Front 41

The result of low plasma protein concentration is

Back 41

decreased blood osmolarity and increase in water moving into the tissue fluid

Front 42

A high plasma protein concentration can be caused by

Back 42

dehydration
various infections

Front 43

Dehydration causes

Back 43

loss of water

Front 44

Infections causes

Back 44

increase in globulins

Front 45

A high plasma protein concentration results in

Back 45

increased blood osmolarity and movement of more ware intro plasma

Front 46

Normal range in blood glucose concentrations

Back 46

70-110 mg/dl

Front 47

Normal range in plasma protein concentration

Back 47

6.0-8.4 g/dl

Front 48

How does molecular weight affect the rate of diffusion

Back 48

Heavier molecules move slower than smaller particles

Front 49

How does the rate of diffusion change as the distance diffused increased?

Back 49

The rate of diffusion slowed as the distance increases

Front 50

Why does the rate of diffusion change as the distance diffused increases?

Back 50

The concentration gradient changes as it diffuses away from the molecule

Front 51

Chemical used to determine the presence of protein

Back 51

Biuret test

Front 52

Chemical used to determine the presence of glucose

Back 52

Benedict's test

Front 53

The biuret test will appear _ if proteins are present

Back 53

lavender

Front 54

The biuret test will apear _ if there is no protein

Back 54

light blue

Front 55

The benedict's test will appear _ if there is glucose present

Back 55

green or orange

Front 56

The benedict's test will appear _ if there is no glucose present

Back 56

blue

Front 57

_ compounds readily diffuse through cell membrane

Back 57

-non-polar (hydrophobic)
-uncharged molecules (CO2 & H20)

Front 58

Osmosis is

Back 58

diffusion of H20

Front 59

Rate of diffusion depends on

Back 59

-magnitude of concentration gradient, creatres driving force
-permeability of membrane
-temperature
-surface area of membrane

Front 60

diluted solutions contain

Back 60

more H20 (solvent)
less solute

Front 61

concentrated solutions contain

Back 61

less H20 (solvent)
more solute

Front 62

hydrostatic pressure ~ _ mm Hg at arteriolar end of systemic capillaries and ~_ mm Hg at the venular and of capillaries

Back 62

37
17

Front 63

hydrostatic pressure in capillaries (_ mm Hg) – hydrostatic pressure in ECF (_mm Hg)

Back 63

17-37
1

Front 64

Colloid osmotic pressure in capillaries (_ mm Hg) - Colloid osmotic pressure in tissue fluid (_ mm Hg)

Back 64

25
0

Front 65

_ pressure is determined by colloid osmotic pressure

Back 65

Oncotic

Front 66

Edema is

Back 66

excessive accumulation of tissue fluid

Front 67

What maintains proper ECF levels?

Back 67

normal filtration
osmotic reuptake
lympthatic drainage

Front 68

Edema can result from

Back 68

-high arterial blood pressure
-Venous obstruction
-leakage of plasma proteins into ECF
-Myxedema
-decreased plasma protein levels
-obstruction of lymphatic drainage

Front 69

high arterial blood pressure

Back 69

increase capillary pressure results in excessive filtration

Front 70

venous obstruction

Back 70

produces congestive increase in capillary pressure

Front 71

leakage of plasma proteins into ECF

Back 71

causes a drop in osmotic flow into capillaries

Front 72

Myxedema

Back 72

excess production of glycoproteins (mucin) in extracellular matric from hypothroidism

Front 73

decreased plasma protein levels

Back 73

resulting from liver or kidney disease

Front 74

obsctruction of lymphatic drainage

Back 74

caused by elephantiasis
(filariasis=parasitic nematode)

Front 75

Tissue fluid can become hypertonic by

Back 75

-dehydration-
high blood pressure (bursting of capillaries=protein plasma in tissue fluid)