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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Color: black
Streak: none Texture: very smooth with sharp edges,breaks with a conchoidal fractures Shiny: glassy Other: formed from lava, known as "nature's glass" |
Obsidian
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Color: light gray
Texture: full of small similar-sized air bubbles "frothy" Shiny: light sheen, not glossy Other: floats in water, very light |
Pumice
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dark-colored with abundant round bubble-like cavities known as vesicles. It ranges in color from black or dark gray to deep reddish brown.
Many people believe that small pieces of it look like the ash produced in a coal furnace. The thick walls of this rock can make it sink in water |
Scoria
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dark-colored, fine-grained
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Basalt
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light-colored, fine-grained, extrusive rock that typically contains quartz and feldspar minerals.
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Rhyolite
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light-colored rock with grains large enough to be visible with the unaided eye. It is composed mainly of quartz and feldspar with minor amounts of mica, amphiboles and other minerals. This mineral composition usually gives it a red, pink, gray or white color with dark mineral grains visible through it
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Granite
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What Igneous rock is this?
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Granite
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rough rock, contains shells
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Coquina
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composed of small-sized grains of mineral, rock or organic material. It also contains a cementing material that binds the grains together and may contain a matrix of silt- or clay-size particles that occupy the spaces between the grains. feels like sand paper
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Sandstone
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Texture: fine grained, sandpapery feel
Shiny: dull |
Sandstone
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Visible angular gravel grains
rock feels gritty |
Breccia
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Rock feels gritty and bumpy
Visible Rounded gravel grains Shine: dull |
Conglomerate
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coarse-grained, intrusive rock
composed primarily of plagioclase feldspar, amphibole, and pyroxine minerals with small amounts of biotite mica. It typically contains very little quartz. abundant white and dark minerals - a “salt and pepper” appearance. |
Diorite
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Mineral
Color Typically off-white or shades of red, orange and brown, occasionally green. Cleavage One perfect cleavage and one good cleavage that meet at nearly 90° Hardness 6 (harder than glass) Specific Gravity 2.6 Luster Crystals are vitreous (glass-like) to porcelaneous (porcelain-like) Streak White |
Potassium Feldspar
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Mineral
Color Typically white to gray, may also range from colorless, through shades of off-white, to yellowish, pink, reddish brown or nearly black. Cleavage One perfect cleavage and one good cleavage that meet at nearly 90° Hardness 6 to 6.5 (harder than glass) Specific Gravity Increases from 2.6 to 2.8 depending on amount of calcium Luster Crystals are vitreous (glass-like) to porcelaneous (porcelain-like) Streak White Special Features Common twinning in the crystal structure that creates fine parallel grooves or striations on some cleavage surfaces. |
Plagioclase Feldspar
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Mineral
Color Colorless or transparent when pure, but color may be extremely variable due to the presence of slight chemical impurities. The most common variety is violet, but may also be yellow, green, white, blue, gray, black or exhibit a variety of colors in zones or bands. Cleavage Perfect cleavage in four directions to produce octahedrons, brittle Hardness 4 (relatively soft) Specific Gravity 3.0-3.3 (average ‘weight’) Luster Crystals are vitreous (glass-like) Streak White Other: Breaks in triangular shape |
Fluorite
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Mineral
Color Usually colorless, white or silver, occasionally yellow or brown. Cleavage single perfect cleavage to produce thin sheets or flakes. Hardness 2 to 2.5 (very soft) Specific Gravity 2.8-3 (feels slightly lighter than expected for sample size) Luster vitreous (glass-like) to pearly, crystals are transparent to translucent and usually occur as thin flakes or thicker ‘books’ of many flakes thickness. Streak White |
Muscovite
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Mineral
Color typically brown to black. Cleavage Single perfect cleavage to produce thin flexible sheets or flakes. Hardness 2.5 to 3 (soft) Specific Gravity Luster Pearly to submetallic, crystals are translucent and usually occur as thin flakes or as thicker ‘books’ of sheets. Streak White to gray |
Biotite
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Mineral
Color: Usually clear or white, but small amounts of impurities may give a red or orange hue and bacterial impurities can create a variety of pastel colors Three perfect cleavages at right angles to produce cubes 2.5 (soft) 2.1 (up to 2.6) (feels rather light) Crystals are vitreous (glass-like), massive form is dull Streak: White |
Halite
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mineral
Color Colorless, white, pale green, bright emerald-green to dark green, brown, gray Cleavage Perfect cleavage on 001 Hardness 1 Comments Flexible but not elastic. Feels slippery or greasy to the touch. Luster Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy, Greasy, Pearly Streak White |
Talc
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Mineral
Color Lead gray Cleavage Perfect cleavage in three directions, forming cubes; brittle nature Hardness 2.5 (about as hard as a fingernail) Specific Gravity 7.4-7.6 (feels ‘heavy’, even for a metallic mineral) Luster Metallic, opaque, Shiny Streak Lead gray |
Galena
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Mineral
Color Pale olive green to yellow-green, occasionally brown Cleavage Poor cleavage in two directions at 90o Hardness 6.5 to 7 (very hard) Specific Gravity 3.2 (Mg-rich variety) to 4.3 (Iron-rich variety) (average weight) Luster Massive or transparent to translucent crystals with a glassy luster Streak White |
Olivine
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Mineral
Color Variable, with dark red to reddish brown being the most common, but varieties may be red-violet, brown, black emerald green, or even white Cleavage None Hardness 6.5 – 7.5 (very hard) Specific Gravity 3.6 – 4.3 (increases with iron content) Luster Vitreous (glass-like) to resin-like, transparent to translucent Streak white (or pale shade of sample’s color) |
Garnet
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Mineral
Color Transparent to translucent crystals are colorless, white or light-colored; massive forms are typically buff, gray, or white. Cleavage perfect cleavage in three directions to produce rhombohedra/Parallelogram Hardness 3 (down to 2.5 on some surfaces) – easily scratched by a metal nail, but too hard to be scratched by a fingernail. Specific Gravity 2.7 (feels relatively light) (3.0 for aragonite) Luster crystals are vitreous (glass-like) but cloudy, massive form is dull Streak White |
Calcite
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Mineral
Color Usually clear or white, but minor impurities can create a variety of colors. Crystals are most commonly hexagonal prisms, whose pyramid-like ends often line the faces of open voids. Cryptocrystalline varieties are most often massive. Cleavage Does not exhibit cleavage, although crystal faces may be mistaken for cleavage planes. Conchoidal fracture is characteristic of both macrocrystalline and cryptocrystalline varieties. Hardness 7 (very hard) will cut glass Specific Gravity 2.6 to 2.65 (macrocrystalline varieties) (Microcrystalline varieties) Luster Crystals are vitreous (glass-like), massive form is dull or waxy. Streak White |
Quartz
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Mineral
"Fools Gold" Color Pale brassy yellow, will tarnish to darker hues that may be iridescent Cleavage None, conchoidal fracture Hardness 6 – 6.5, brittle nature Specific Gravity 5 or above (feels heavier than average, even for a metallic mineral) Luster Metallic, opaque. May exhibit faint striations (lines) on some crystal and cleavage faces Streak Greenish black or brownish black |
Pyrite
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Magnetic Mineral
Color Black Cleavage None, brittle Hardness 5.5 – 6.5 (harder than glass) Specific Gravity 5.2 (feels heavy compared to most rock-forming minerals, but about the same as other metallic minerals) Luster Metallic to dull, opaque Streak Black |
Magnetite
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Mineral
Color Black to silver gray, in earthy forms is red to brown Cleavage None Hardness 5 - 6 (hard) in most varieties, but earthy variety is very soft (<2) Specific Gravity 5.3 (feels heavy, average for a metallic mineral) Luster wide range from splendent metallic to dull earthy Streak red brown to rusty red |
Hematite
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Mineral
Color Usually white, colorless or gray in massive form, crystals are clear, transparent to translucent. If impurities are present, gypsum may also appear to be red, brown or yellow. Cleavage Good cleavage in one direction, only fair in two others to produce thin rhombic fragments. Hardness 2 (very soft) Specific Gravity 2.3 (feels rather light) Luster Crystals are vitreous (glass-like) to pearly, massive form is dull Streak White |
Gypsum
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What igneous rock is this?
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Scoria
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consisting of large-grained crystals, such as feldspar or quartz, dispersed in a fine-grained feldspathic matrix or groundmass
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Porphyry
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coarse-grained, dark-colored, intrusive rock. It is usually black or dark green in color and composed mainly of the minerals plagioclase and augite.
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Gabbro
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foliated rock that has a banded appearance and is made up of granular mineral grains. It typically contains abundant quartz or feldspar minerals.
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Gneiss
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rock with well developed foliation. It often contains significant amounts of mica which allow the rock to split into thin pieces.
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Schist
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What Metamorphic rock is this?
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Schist
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Harder than glass, non-foliated rock that is produced by the metamorphism of sandstone. It is composed primarily of quartz.
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Quartzite
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fine-grained, foliated rock
Most are gray in color and range in a continuum of shades from light to dark gray. It also occurs in shades of green, red, black, purple and brown can be black, gray, brownish red, bluish gray, or greenish gray. It is very fine grained and has thin, quite smooth, flat layers. Unlike shale, slate easily splits into thin flat pieces. It often will scratch glass, with a little difficulty.- makes a THUD sound |
Slate
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low hardness and solubility, sually a light-colored rock. When it is formed from a limestone with very few impurities it will be white in color. If this rock contains impurities such as clay minerals, iron oxides or bituminous material can be bluish, gray, pink, yellow or black in color
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Marble
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What Metamorphic rock is this?
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Marble (pink marble)
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usually very soft. typically gray, bluish, green or brown in color, often variegated. Feels slimy and greasy
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Soapstone
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What is the difference between basalt and gabbro?
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The difference between basalt and gabbro is that basalt is a fine-grained rock while gabbro is a coarse-grained rock.
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It has a bright luster and breaks with a semi-conchoidal fracture, color is black, streak color is black to brownish black
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Anthracite Coal
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typically a banded rock. In this photo you can see bright and dull bands Its coloration can be black or sometimes dark brown; often there are well-defined bands of bright and dull material within the seams
streak is black to brownish black |
Bituminous coal
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you can scratch with finger, very soft
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Gyprock
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What Does It Look Like? may be black, gray, red, brown, dark green, or blue. It is fine grained, so particles usually can not be seen. When moistened, usually smells like wet mud. Makes a CLIPPY NOISE when tapped
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Shale
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looks like a mixture of sand and different sizes of rounded pebbles. The pebbles are the important observation.
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conglomerate
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What rock is this?
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Rhyolite
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What Rock is this.. layes tend to be flaky
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Schiest
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What rock is this?
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Gneiss
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