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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Hard Determinist
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believes that we are NOT free because every event, including every choice, has a prior cause.
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Metaphysical Libertarian
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believes that we ARE free because our choices are not cause nor determined.
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Soft Determinist
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believes that we are free BUT our choices are caused and we still have free will.
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Excuser
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believes that we are NOT responsible for our actions because we tend to praise and blame people for things they have no control over.
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Judge
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believes that we ARE responsible for our actions because there are four factors to consider:
1. Cause 2. Intention 3. Sanity 4. Choice |
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Materialists
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believes that YES, the mind is nothing but the brain because mental entities, such as thoughts, beliefs, emotions, are identical with brain events and process.
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Dualism
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believes that the mind is NOT nothing but the brain because we have an immaterial mind, and a material body.
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Mechanist
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believe that YES, computers can think because computers do many things we consider thinking. It can store information, calculate, and solve problems, just as our minds can.
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Mentalist
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believes that computers CANNOT think because computers aim to simulate intelligence. A simulation is not a real thing.
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Psychological Egoist
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believes that we ARE selfish because people do not just do nice things without the thought of them gaining anything.
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Psychological Altruist
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believes that NO, we are not always selfish because when we love someone, we sometimes want to do things for him or her for their benefit, and we are capable of thought and concern for others.
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Lockean
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believes that YES, personal identity depends on memory because complete memory loss means the original person is no longer.
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Sartrean
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believes that NO, personal identity does not depend on memory loss because memories are not essential to our identity, and out future choices are what matters, not what we have done.
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Internalist
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believes that NO, we cannot know about the external world because the extra world is everything outside our own mind.
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Perceiver
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believes that YES, we can know about the external world because the possibility that internalist brings up us incoherent, and skepticism about the external world is untenable.
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Positivist
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believes that YES, science does give us real knowledge because the scientific method yields genuine knowledge.
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Romantic
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believes that NO, science does not give us real knowledge because science is limited and dangerous.
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Empiricist
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believes that YES, experience is the source of all knowledge because we are a blank slate at birth and we do not need to have a firsthand experience of something but there must be a chain of experience.
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Rationalist
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believes that NO, experience is not the only source of knowledge because knowledge comes from reason.
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Foundationlist
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believes that YES, knowledge is essentially connected with truth because if you know something then it is true. Truth is a necessary but not sufficient condition for knowledge.
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Pragmatist
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believes that NO, certainty is not the standard of knowledge because the criterion of knowledge is the successful prediction or the ability to manipulate the environment.
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Representationalist
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believes that YES, truth exist because it is important. There are facts and what is “true for me” might be false according to the facts.
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Postmodernist
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believes that NO truth does not exist because “Red” is not red. (Words do not resample what they stand for). Words have many meanings. (“The play was bad”)
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Free Will
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is the ability to make choices from certain kind of restraints
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determinism
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everything that happens there are conditions such that, given those conditions, nothing else could happen.
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introspection
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self examination of one's conscious thoughts and feelings
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infinite regress
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if the truth of many things gain support down the line of other truths, the proposition of the original truth becomes infinite.
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reduction
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the process by which one subject, property, concept, theory, etc... is shown to be explicable in terms of another, lower level entity.
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Occam's Razor
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among competing hypotheses the one that means the fewest assumptions should be selected.
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Problem of interaction (Dualism)
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How can an immaterial mind cause anything in a material body and vice versa?
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principle of the conservation of matter and energy
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that the mass of an isolated system will remain constant overtime
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artificial intelligance
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ask the questions; Can machines act intelligently? Can it think for itself?
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Turing test
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a test of a machines ability to exhibit intelligence behavior, like that of a human
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unfalsifiable
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not capable of being proved false
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personal identity
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questions arises about our selves, such as who am i? what happens when I die?
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External world
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the world consisting of all the objects and events which are experienceable or whose existence is accepted by the human mind, but which exist independently of the mind
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skepticism
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an approach that requires all information to be well supported by evidence
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brain in a vat
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intended to draw out certain features of our ideas of knowledge, reality, truth, mind, and meaning.
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Solipsism
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the idea that one ones own mind is sure to exist. Anything out of ones mind might not exist.
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methods of discovery
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find solutions at own pace, discovering something.
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Simple/Complex Idea
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a simple idea would be to think of light, knowledge. To think of complex idea think of unicorns, dragons.
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a priori
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is independent of experiance
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a posteroiri
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dependent on experiance
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certainty
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can be defined as either
1. perfect knowledge that has total security from error 2. the mental state of being without doubt |
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progmatic
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tradition centered on the linking of practice and theory
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paradox
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and argument that produces and inconsistency typically with knowledge or common sense.
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