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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The broadest term for the study or science of drugs
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Pharmacology
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Name given by the US Adopted Names Council -
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Generic name
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The generic name becomes this -
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Official name
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Proprietary name & registered trademark -
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Trade name
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Study of what body does to the drugs
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Pharmacokinetics
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ADME stands for
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Absorptions
Distribution Metabolism Excretion |
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Rate at which the drug leaves the site of administration and the extent to wihch it occurs
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Adsorption
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Biologic transformation of a drug into an inactive metabolite, a more soluble compound, or a more potent metabolite -
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Metabolism
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The elimination of the drug from the body
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Excretion
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Enteral Route means medications are taken how?
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orally / swallow
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The study of what happens to the drug from the time it enters the body until it and all its metabolites are excreted.
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Pharmakokinetics
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Transport of a drug in the body by the bloodstream to its site of action -
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Distribution
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Drugs that are absorbed through the GI tract will pass through the liver and begin to be metabolized before getting to the systemic circulation -
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First pass effect
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This reduces the bioavailability of a drug to less than 100% -
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First pass effect
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Which dosage form is absorbed into circulation from the stomach or small intestine -
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Enteral
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Which dosage form do drugs not pass thru the GI tract?
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Parenteral
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Name the dosage form where drugs are applied to a body surface?
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Topical
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This dosage route passes thru the GI tract -
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Enteral
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What types of things can affect absorption -
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dosage form
acid changes in stomach absorption changes in the intestine (diarrhea) Presence / absence of food Application of heat or cold Massage Condition of the skin (blister/cut) |
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The major protein that binds during distribution is -
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Albumin
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During distribution these bind to and carry drugs throughout the body -
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3 proteins
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What should you do is your patients albumin level is too low?
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Check the dosage and lower it (call doctor for prescription change)
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What major organ is involved in metabolism?
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Liver
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Biostransformation happens during which phase?
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Metabolism
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What can affect the metabolism of drugs?
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Liver issues - alcoholic
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What is the result of metabolism -
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increase the water solubility and ease of excretion
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Elimination from the body is known as -
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Excretion
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The major organ involved in excretion is -
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Kidney
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Site of Glomerular Filtration -
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Kidney
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This organ takes the drug and releases it into bile and excretes it in stool -
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Liver
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The time it takes for 1/2 of the original amount of the drug to be excreted.
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half-life
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The amount of drug excreted is equal to the amount absorbed with each dose -
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Steady state
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Time required for the or the drug to give a therapeutic response -
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Onset
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Time required for the drug to give the maximum therapeutic response -
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Peak
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Length of time that the drug concentration is high enough to give a therapeutic response -
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Duration
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The study of what the drug does to the body
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Pharmacodynamics
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In pharmacodynamics what are the three mechansims of action -
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receptor interaction
enzyme interaction non-specific interaction |
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A reactive site on the surface of a cell or tissue -
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receptor
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What binds with the receptor to produce the pharmacologic response -
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a drug molecule
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These drugs bind to the receptor site and cause a response -
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agonist
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These drugs bind to a receptor site and stop the response -
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antagonist
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During this interaction a drug alters a physiologic response by inhibiting a certain enzyme by "fooling" the enzyme into binding to it instead of the normal target cells -
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enzyme interaction
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During this type of interaction no receptors or enzymes are involved and the cell's membranes and various cellular processes are the main site of action -
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non-selective interactions
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What affects drug therapy effectiveness?
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dose (duration)
route (how fast work/absorbed) health status of patient gender nutritional/fluid balance |
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The treatment of pathological conditions through the use of drugs -
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Pharmacotherapeutics
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List the 4 aspects of pharmacotherapeutics -
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Assessment
Implementation Monitoring Reassessment |
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The first step of the nursing process is
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Assessment
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Lookng at the patients medical and social history as well as current medications being used, pregnancy, and current illnesses is done during which process -
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Assessment
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Initiation of the drug therapy is done during which process -
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implementation
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This process involves evaluating -
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Monitoring
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Ratio between a drugs therapeutic benefit adn its toxic effects(can have a very narrow window) -
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Therapeutic index
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Levels drawn to determine either therapeutic levels or toxic levels is known as -
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Drug concentration
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Decreasing response to repetative doses -
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Tolerance
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Physiologic or psychologic need for a drug -
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dependence
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Can you take medications with antacids?
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No
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Alteration of the action of one drug by another -
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interaction
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ADE stands for
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adverse drug events
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Adverse effects is also known as -
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side effects
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Are side effects predictable?
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Yes
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An extension of the drug's effects (lowers the BP too much)
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Pharmacologic
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No reason is known for the reaction - genetic trait -
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Idosyncratic
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The patients immune system sees the drug as a dangerous foreign substance and tries to eliminate it by causing an allergic reaction -
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Hypersensitivity
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Two drugs interact and produce an unwanted effect -
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Drug interaction
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The patients condition changes and the treatment plan should be changed to accomodate -
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reassessment
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The study of drug sources or origins -
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Phamacognosy
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The 4 major sources of Pharmacognose are
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plants (foxglove)
animals - horses (hormones) laboratory synthesis - (recombinant DNA) minerals (aluminum hydroxide (antacids) |
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Which Act protected the public from adulterated or mislabeled drugs, packing to state presence of dangerous or addicting drugs and designated USP and NF as official standards?
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Pure Food & Drug Act of 1906
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Which Act prohibited marketing of drugs before safety testing -
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Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act of 1938
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What Act designated certain drugs as "legend drugs" and make have a prescription requred -
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Durham-Hump
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