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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Hypolipidemic Drugs, Bile Acid Binding Resins (2)
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Colestipol (Colestid)
Cholestyramine (Questran) |
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Hypolipidemic Drugs, HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (6)
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Lovastatin (Mevacor)
Simvastatin (Zocor) Fluvastatin (Lescol) Pravastatin (Pravachol) Atorvastatin (Lipitor) Rosuvastatin (Crestor) |
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Hypolipidemic Drugs, Cholesterol absorption inhibitors (2)
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Ezetimibe (Zetia)
Vytorin |
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Hypolipidemic Drugs, Agents that lower triglyceride (2)
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Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)
Fenofibrate |
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Combo used to treat chylomicronemia and familial hypertriglyceridemia
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Niacin and fibrate
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Combo used to treat familial combined hyperlipoproteinemia
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Niacin and resin or statin
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Combo used to treat heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
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Niacin, statin, and resin
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Combo used to treat homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
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Niacin and atorvastatin
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Combo used to treat Lp(a) hyperlipoproteinemia
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Niacin and neomycin
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Antiplatelet, Anticoagulant, and Thrombolytic Drugs, Oral Antiplatelet Drugs (6)
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Aspirin (acetelysalicylic acid, ASA)
Clopidogrel (Plavix) Ticlopidine (Ticlid) Dipyridamole (Persantine) Aggrenox Fish oils |
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Antiplatelet, Anticoagulant, and Thrombolytic Drugs, Parenteral Antiplatelet Drugs (3)
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Abciximab
Eptifibatide Tirofiban |
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Antiplatelet, Anticoagulant, and Thrombolytic Drugs
Parenteral Anticoagulants (4) |
Heparin
Heparin sulfate LMWH (Enoxaparin, Dalteparin, Tinzaparin) Protamine sulfate (Heparine Antidote) |
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Antiplatelet, Anticoagulant, and Thrombolytic Drugs
Oral Anticoagulant |
Warfarin (Coumadin)
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Antiplatelet, Anticoagulant, and Thrombolytic Drugs
Parenteral Thrombolytic Drugs (4) |
Urokinase (Abbokinase)
Streptokinase (Streptase) Anistreplase (Eminase) t-PA (Alteplase, Reteplase, Tenecteplase) |
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Antiplatelet, Anticoagulant, and Thrombolytic Drugs
Parenteral Anticoagulants Alternatives to heparins (4) |
Fondaparinux
Lepirudin Argatroban Bivalirudin |
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Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System
ACE Inhibitors (2) Prevent formation of angiotensin II and degradation of bradykinin 5-20% incidence of cough Tendency for hyperkalemia Precipitation of acute renal failure is used in HTN secondary to renal artery stenosis Useful for HTN in diabetics |
Captopril (Capoten)
Enalapril (Vasotec) |
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Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System
ARBs(3) AT1 receptor antagonist No potentiation of bradykinin system Helpful in CHF, DM, and renal disease |
Losartan (Cozaar)
Irbesartan (Avapro) Valsartan (Diovan) |
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Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System
Aldosterone receptor antagonists (2) K+ sparing diuretics |
Spironolactone
Eplerenone (Inspra) |
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Vasodilators
Drugs acting through the autonomic nervous system Agents that block reuptake (2) |
Guanadrel (Hylorel)
Reserpine |
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Vasodilators
Drugs acting through the autonomic nervous system α2a agonists (3) Effects result in a reduction in sympathetic outflow from the CNS |
Clonidine (Catapres)
Guanabenz (Wytensin) Guanfacine (Tenex) |
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Vasodilators
Direct vasodilator drugs (3) |
Hydralazine (Apresoline)
Minoxidil (Loniten) Sodium nitroprusside |
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Vasodilators
Calcium Channel Blockers Inhibit Ca2+ influx through the L-type channel Dihydropyridines (3) |
Nifedipine (Procardia)
Nifedipine (Adalat) Nimodipine |
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Vasodilators
Calcium Channel Blockers Inhibit Ca2+ influx through the L-type channel non-Dihydropyridines (2) |
Verapamil
Diltiazem (Cardizem) |
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Vasodilators
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors PD E5 inhibitor |
Sildenafil
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Diuretic Drugs
Proximal Tubule (2) |
Acetazolamide (Diamox)
Mannitol |
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Diuretic Drugs
Loop of Henle (3) Inhibit active chloride transport in the thick ascending limb For patients with impaired renal function, refractory edema, acute pulmonary edema, or hypertensive crises |
Furosemide (Lasix)
Bumetanide (Bumex) Ethacrynic acid (Edecrin) |
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Diuretic Drugs
Distal Tubule Thiazides (5) Effective at both extremes of acid-base balance Compete for the chloride site on the Na+-Cl- co-transporter, also increases the reabsorption of calcium Can cross placenta First agents used in essential hypertension; low doses control hypertension without potassium loss, insulin resistance, or lipid elevation Can cause hypokalemia and impotence |
Chlorothiazide (Diuril)
Polythiazide (Renese) Methyclothiazide (Enduron) Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril) Bendroflumethiazide (Naturetin) |
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Diuretic Drugs
Distal Tubule Non-Thiazides (4) Non-benzothia-diazines, but with diuretic properties similar to thiazides |
Chlorthalidone
Quinethazone Indapamide Metolazone |
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Diuretic Drugs
Collecting Ducts Potassium-sparing, inhibit sodium reabsorption and decrease potassium excretion (2) |
Amiloride
Triamterene |
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Diuretic Drugs
Collecting Ducts Potassium sparing, aldosterone antagonist |
Spironolactone
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Anti-Anginal Drugs
Organic nitrates (target NO) (3) Capable of denitration to release NO Relax veins at low doses and large arteries at high doses Stable, variant and unstable angina Avoid PDE5 inhibitors |
Nitroglycerin (Nitrol, Nitrostat)
Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) -Chewable Isosorbide -5-mononitrate (Imdur) |
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Anti-Anginal Drugs
Ca2+ channel antagonists Act on both vascular smooth muscle and the myocardium Predominantly arteriolar dilators For variant angina, stable and unstable angina, and MI Dihydropyridines (2) |
Nifedipine (Adalat)
Nimodipine |
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Anti-Anginal Drugs
Ca2+ channel antagonists Act on both vascular smooth muscle and the myocardium Predominantly arteriolar dilators For variant angina, stable and unstable angina, and MI non-Dihydropyridines (2) |
Verapamil
(Calan, Isootin, Verelan) Diltiazem (Cardizem) |
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Anti-Anginal Drugs
β-blockers Reduce heart rate, contractility, and arterial blood pressure For exertional angina, hypertension, arrhythmias Cardioprotective post-MI β1-selective (1) |
Atenolol (Tenormin)
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Anti-Anginal
Fatty acid oxidase inhibitor that increases the amount of ATP produced from glucose |
Ranolazine
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Positive Inotropic Drugs (3)
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Digitalis
Sympathomimetic Amines Phosphodiesterase inhibitors |
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Positive Inotropic Drugs
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (2) |
Inamrinone (Inocor)
Milrinone (Primacor) |
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Arrhythmias
Class I- Fast Na+ channel blockers Class IA |
Procainamide
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Arrhythmias
Class I- Fast Na+ channel blockers ClassIB |
Lidocaine
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Arrhythmias
Class III- K+ channel blockers Prolong repolarization (2) |
Amiodarone
Sotalol |
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Arrhythmias
Class IV Ca2+ channel blockers |
Verapamil
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Arrhythmias
Other antiarrhythmic drugs (3) |
Adenosine
Digoxin K+ Ion |
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Arrhythmias
First choice for atrial fibrillation with atrioventricular conduction via accessory pathway (2) |
DC cardioversion
iv procainamide |
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Arrhythmias
First choice for ventricular tachycardia with remote myocardial infarction |
Lidocaine
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Arrhythmias
First choice for ventricular premature beats |
Amiodarone
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Arrhythmias
First choice for Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (2) |
Adenosine
Verapamil |
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Arrhythmias
First choice for Atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure |
Digoxin
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Pituitary hormones
Fully active GHRH receptor agonist that can be used to treat hypopituitary dwarfism resulting from a GHRH deficiency |
Sermorelin
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Pituitary hormones
Dopamine agonist Exerts a paradoxical inhibitory effect on GH release in approximately 50% of patients with acromegaly |
Bromocriptine
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Pituitary hormones
Longer acting D2 dopamine receptor agonist Found to be effective in reducing GH levels and treating hyperprolactinemia |
Cabergoline
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Pituitary hormones
Synthetic analog of Somatostatin (SST), longer half life than SST Can inhibit GH release in acromegaly Effective in treating pancreatic cholera |
Octreotide (Sandostatin)
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Pituitary hormones
Inhibits adenylyl cyclase through Gi Stops GH release |
Somatostatin (SST)
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Hypothyroidism
Desiccated thyroid Inexpensive, but potency of each preparation varies |
Thyroid USP
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Hypothyroidism
Prolonged, potency of each preparation varies |
Thyroglobulin
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Hypothyroidism
Drug of choice for treatment of myxedema |
Sodium levothyroxine (Synthroid)
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Hypothyroidism
T3, short-acting with rapid onset |
Sodium liothyronine (Cytomel)
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Hypothyroidism
4:1 mixture of T4:T3 Overpriced |
Liotrix Euthyroid
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Hyperthyroidism
Inhibitors of thyroxine biosynthesis Thionamides (2) Inhibitors of thyroid peroxidase Use extreme caution in treating pregnant women. Use in minimal doses since these drugs cross the placenta |
Methimazole (Tapazole)
Propylthiouracil (Propacil) |
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Hyperparathyroidism
High levels of iodine that interfere with thyroid gland function Interferes with thyroid gland function; combination of KI and I2 |
Lugol's solution
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Hyperparathyroidism
Drug of choice for destroying toxic adenoma. Never use to treat pregnant women |
131I
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Calcium regulation
Activates osteoclasts and stimulates Ca2+ transport from bone to extracellular fluids Increases the synthesis of calcitriol at the level of the kidney Increases renal tubular resorption of Ca2+ Stimulates adenylyl cyclase in target tissues Stimulates 1α-hydroxylase to convert 25(OH)D3 to 1,25(OH)2D3 |
PTH
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Calcium regulation
Increases the synthesis of Ca2+ binding transport protein in the mucosal cells of the gut Increases Ca2+ transport from bone to extracellular fluids Diffuses into target cells in intestine, bone, and kidney; binds to specific cytosolic receptors and induces production of proteins required for Ca2+ transport |
Calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D3)
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Calcium regulation
Decreases plasma Ca2+ by inhibiting activity of osteoclasts and decreasing tubular resorption of Ca2+ |
Calcitonin
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Calcium regulation
Derived from yeasts and fungi Can also be hydroxylated in the 1 and 25 positions |
Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2)
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Calcium regulation
Can be used to supplement or replace calcitriol; derived from yeasts and fungi |
1,25(OH)2D2
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Paget's disease treatments (4)
Characterized by overactive osteoclast activity in bone Bisphosphonates Slow the rate of demineralization of crystals of hydroxyapatite |
Sodium etidronate
Alendronate Risedronate Ibandronate |
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Postmenopausal osteoporosis treatments (4)
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Alendronate
Risedronate Ibandronate Teriparatide |
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Vitamin D intoxication
Characterized by hypercalcemia leading to Ca2+ deposition in soft tissues (like kidney) Glucocorticoid Can block intestinal absorption of Ca2+ |
Prednisone
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Adrenal Steroids
Antagonists of Adrenal Steroids (3) |
Mifepristone (RU 486)
Spironolactone Eplerenone |
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Adrenal Steroids
Inhibitors of adrenal steroid biosynthesis (4) |
Dexamethasone
Methyrapone Aminoglutethimide Ketoconazole |
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Type I diabetes treatments (6)
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Lispro insulin (Humalog)
NPH insulin (Isophane) Insulin zinc extended Insulin glargine Inhaled insulin (Exubera) Captopril |
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Type II diabetes treatments
Sulfonylureas (3) Inhibit K+ efflux, causing depolarization, the entry of Ca2+, and the release of insulin |
Tolbutamide
Glipizide Glyburide |
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Type II diabetes treatments
Non-sulfonylureas (6) |
Metformin
Acarbose Pioglitazone Rosiglitazone Repaglinide Sitagliptin phosphate |
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Male hypogonadism
Main clinical use of androgen administration |
Testosterone enanthate
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Andropause treatments (2)
Testosterone serum concentration decrease by 1-2% per year after age 30 Supplement therapy can increase muscle strength, libido, and sense of well-being |
Testoderm patch
Androderm patch |
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Hereditary Angioedema treatments (2)
Impaired C1-esterase inhibitor Overactive complement cascade increases blood vessel permeability |
Danazol
Stanozolol |
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Anti-androgens (5)
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Flutamide
Bicalutamide Cyproterone Acetate Finasteride Dutasteride |
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Pharmacological preparations of estrogens (2)
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17α ethinyl estradiol
Equilin |
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Estrogen replacement therapies (2)
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Ethinyl estradiol
Norethindrone acetate |
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Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs)(2)
Beneficial action in some tissues Bone, brain, liver Antagonistic activity in some tissues Breast, endometrium Act by differential recruitment of co-repressors or co-activators to estrogen receptors |
Tamoxifen
Raloxifene |
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Estrogen Synthesis Inhibitor
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Letrozole
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Fertility control
IUD Provides protection for 5 years Prevents fertilization via sterile inflammation and sperm destruction Relative risk of PID during the first month is 3.8 |
Levonorgestrel
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Fertility control
Six rods with 36mg levonorgestrel Five years protection, suppresses ovulation, thickens cervical mucous, thins endometrial lining |
Norplant
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Fertility control
150 mg injection every 3 months Inhibits ovulation, thickens cervical mucous, thins endometrial lining |
Depo-Provera
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Fertility control
Emergency contraception One pill containing .75mg levonorgestrel |
Plan B
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Fertility control
Emergency contraception Two pills containing .25mg levonorgestrel and 50mics ethinyl estradiol |
Preven
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Fertility control
Emergency contraception 35mics ethinyl estradiol, 0.3mg Norgestrel |
LoOvral
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Fertility control
Selective estrogen receptor modulator Decreases estrogen feedback tone on GnRH release Favors FSH release over LH Used for infertility |
Clomiphene Citrate
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Fertility control
Isolated from the urine of menopausal women Integral to assisted reproductive technologies such as IVF |
Exogenous gonadotropins
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Fertility control
Can cause a flare or hypogonadal state Prevents premature luteinization |
GnRH agonists
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