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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define: Pharamcodynamics.
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What the drug does to your body.
OR Study of the biochemical and physiological processes underlying drug action. |
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Define: Drug.
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A chemical substance of known structure, other than a nutrient, that when administered to a living organism produces a biological effect.
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Define: Medicine.
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Medicine is the dosage forms of drugs and may contain more than one drug and/or inactive substances for its necessary manufacture.
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Define: Receptor.
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A macromolecule with positions in its 3D structure. It has chemo recognising properties for a specific endogenous molecule or drug. This is genetically determined.
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Define: Reserve receptors.
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Receptors are said to be in reserve when the maximal response of an agonist can be elicited which is not a result from all the receptors being occupied.
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Define: Intrinsic activity/effectivity.
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The ability to elicit a response when bound to a receptor.
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Define: Potency.
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A measurement of the dose required to produce a response.
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Define: Therapeutic index.
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Relationship between LD50/ED50.
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What are the main drug target sites ?
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1. Chemical neutralisation
2. Enzymes 3. Receptor occupying drugs 4. Transporters 5. Ion channels |
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Describe the cAMP system.
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Cyclic AMP system:
cAMP is formed from ATP under the influence of the enzyme adenylate cyclase |
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Describe the Phosphoinositol biphosphate system.
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a. PIP2 is converted by the enzyme PIP2 phosphodiesterase (phospholipase C) into diacylglycerol (DAG) and ionositoltriphosphate (IP3).
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True or false: The cAMP system has a stimulatory and an inhibitory effect.
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True.
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True or false: The Phosphoinositol Biphosphate system has a stimulatory and an inhibitory effect.
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False. It only has a stimulatory effect.
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Define: Pharmacokinetics.
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What the body does to the drug.
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Define: Absorption.
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Process of crossing biological barriers into the blood.
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Define: Bioavailability.
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The measurement of the fraction of unchanged drug that reaches systemic circulation after administration.
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Define: First-pass effect.
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Refers to the metabolism/inactivation of drugs by the liver before they reach systemic circulation.
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Define: Volume of distribution.
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Describes the relationship between the plasma concentration and the amount of drug in the body.
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Define: Loading dose.
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A large initial dose of drugs so that ‘steady state’ is reached more rapidly.
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Define: Steady state.
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When the concentration of a drug in the plasma has reached a point where it is an effective therapeutic level (usually achieved by follow-up doses at fixed time intervals).
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Define: Clearance.
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Ability of body to eliminate drugs. The sum of elimination and metabolism.
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List the two different types of rates of elimination.
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1. First-order elimination or unsaturated -Rate of metabolism is directly proportional to [D]
2. Zero-order elimination or saturated -A constant rate of metabolism, regardless of [D] |
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List the different routes of administration.
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1. Oral
2. Parenteral 3. Topical 4. Rectal 5. Inhalation 6. Sublingual |
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True or false: Only unionised drugs can be absorbed.
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True.
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