Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Factors that determine intensity of drug response.
|
1. administration
2. pharmacokinetics 3. pharmacodynamics |
|
Your responsibilities in drug administration?
|
1. Pre-administration assessment
2. ID high risk patients 3. Assess patient's capacity for self care |
|
Pharmacokinetics
|
1. absorption
2. distribution 3. metabolism 4. excretion |
|
Minimum Effective Concentration (MEC)
|
Plasma drug level belo which therapeutic effects will not occur
|
|
First Pass Effect
|
The rapid inactivation of certain oral drugs.
|
|
Half-Life
|
The amount of time required for the plasma concentration of a drug to decrease by 50% after discontinuance of the drug. 3-5 half-lives are usually needed to obtain therapeutic level of drug.
|
|
Pharmacodynamics
|
The study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs and the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are produced.
|
|
Maximal Efficacy
|
The largest effect that a drug can produce.
|
|
Affinity
|
The strength of binding between a drug and its receptor
|
|
Efficacy
|
The degree to which a drug is able to induce maximal effects; how well it works.
|
|
Agonist
|
Activates receptors
|
|
Antagonist
|
Prevents receptor activation
|
|
ED 50
|
The concentration of a drug which induces a specific clinical effect in 50% of subjects.
|
|
LD 50
|
The concentration of a drug which induces death or toxicity in 50% of subjects.
|
|
Therapeutic Index (TI)
|
Measure of safety of a drug -- the LD50 divided by the ED50. The farther away from 1 the safer the drug.
|
|
Synergism
|
Response elicited by combined drugs is GREATER than individual drugs.
1+1=3 |
|
Potentiation
|
A drug which has no effect enhances the effect of a second drug. (tyramine with MAOIs)
1+0=2 |
|
Antagonism
|
One drug inhibits the effect of another drug. (heparin + protamine sulfate).
1+1=0 |
|
Cytochrome P450
|
A liver enzyme system that is very active in drug metabolism.
|
|
P450 Inducers
|
Increase enzyme activity and decrease drug levels.
|
|
P450 Inhibitors
|
Decrease enzyme activity and increase drug levels -- may result in toxicity.
|
|
Inhibitors of CP450
|
Grapefruit juice, Rifampin
|
|
Grapefruit Juice & Drugs
|
Inhibits P450
Induces calcium channel blocker (drugs ending in -ipine) metabolism by P450 |
|
Pharmacodynamic Tolerance
|
A response to prolonged drug exposure -- increases MEC of a drug.
|
|
Phamacokinetic Tolerance
|
Accelerated drug metabolism. Does not increase the MEC.
|
|
Metabolic Tolerance
|
Tolerance resulting from accelerated drug metabolism.
|