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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Actinomycin D
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Combines with DNA and inhibits DNA dependent RNA synthesis on chromosome of proliferating mammalian cells
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Radiation
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Produces free peroxide radicals which act on -SH group of certain essential enzymes.
radioactive isotopes are contraindicated |
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Antimetabolites
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Act as antagonists of essential metabolites or proliferating cells
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Thalidomide
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Breakdown products appear to act as folic acid antagonists or antagonists of riboflavin and/or other vitamins
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Isotretinoin
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Blocks cell differentiation
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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
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1) Low forehead
2) Sunken Bridge, and small upturned nose 3) Retracted Lips 4) Receding chin and ear deformities 5) Cardiac deformities intra and extrauterine growth retardation |
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Warfarin Syndrome
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25% exposed to warfarin in early pregnancy will develop Congenital anomalies
1)Hypoplastic saddle nose 2) Broad short hands, short distal phalanges 3) Multiple opthalmic abnormalities (Cataracts) 4) Bone abnormalities 5) Fetal death in utero Use heparin instead |
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Thalidomide embryopathy
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Multiple limb deformities
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Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome
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1) Intrauterine growth deficiency
2) Mental Deficiency 3) Short nose, low nasal bridge, cleft lip/palate 4) Cardiac defects 5) Abnormal Genitalia 6) Absence of nails on fingers or toes 10% of exposed infants develop syndrome |
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Diethylstilbestrol(DES) Syndrome
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Abnormalities of cervix, vaginal and Uterus
Vaginal and/or cervical ridges Adenocarcinoma of vagina or cervix in daughters of exposed women |
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Steroid hormones
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VACTERL
Vetebral Anal Cardiac Tracheal Esophageal Renal Limb Steroids are category X |
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Isotretinoin
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Extremely teratogenic
Mental retardation Head and neck malformations |
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Category A
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1) Drugs Demonstrate no risk to fetus in clinical controlled studies
2) Possibility of fetal harm is remote 3) Drugs: Levothyroxine and folic acid |
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Category B
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1) No risk in animal studies and no human studies; or
2) Adverse effects in animals, But not in well controlled human studies 3) Adverse effects are not confirmed during first trimester in women |
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Category C
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1) No adequate human or animal studies or
2) Adverse effects in animal studies and NO human data 3) Can only be prescribed only if potential benefits justify risk to fetus |
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Category D
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1) There is positive evidence of human fetal risk, but benefits in pregnant women may outweigh the risk
2) Warning should appear on box. |
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Category X
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1) Human and animal studies have shown fetal abnormalities
2) There is evidence of human fetal risk based on human experience 3) Risk clearly outweigh Benefits 4) Drugs are contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant while taking the drug |
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don't!; must not
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bù yào
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