Pgs 101 Exam 3

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mary ainsworth

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developmental psych; 'a strange situation' attachment theory;

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secure attachment

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infant explore while parent present; emotional when parent leaves/enters; won't interact with stranger when parent not there

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anxious-ambivalent

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anxious to explore and with stranger no matter if mom present or not; extreme distress when mom leaves; resistant to mom when reunited; caused by mom being engaged with child on own terms/ needs not met all the time

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avoidant

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avoid/ignore mother; show no emotion when mom exit/enters; doesn't explore no matter who in room; due to a disengaged style parenting

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piaget

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swiss; cognitive development theory; worked with kids

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cognitive development

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constructivist theory; we construct our cognitive abilities through self-motivated action in the world.

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sensorimotor period

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0-2 years old; 1) birth to one month - reflex scheme 2) 1 month to 4 - primary circular reaction phase - relates to habits 3) 4-8 mo. - 2nd circ reac phase - hand eye coordination 4) 8-12 mo. - co-ordination of secondary course round modest circular reactions stage - object permanence 5) 12-18 mo. - tertiary circular reactions phase - creative experiementation little scientist 6) 18-24 mo. - beginnings of symbolic representation - planing how to achieve an objective

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object permanence

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knowing that an object continues to exist even when not present

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preoperational period
decentration
irreversibility

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(pre)operatory thought - learns symbolic rep (using name/pic conect to object); still egocentric

decentration - cant see things from others eyes)

preoperational stage - 2-7 years; learn language; not logical yet;theory of mind important

irreversibility - cant see a sequence backwards

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egocentrism

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inability to differenciate between object and subject; emotions towards inanimate objects

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concrete operations period

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3rd stage; between 7-11; use logic

Seriation; classification; decentering; reversability; conservation; elimination of egocentrism

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seriation

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ability to sort objects by characteristics (size shape etc)

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classification

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ability to name GROUPS of objects by characteristics

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decentering

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takes multiple aspects of a problem into consideration to solve it

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conservation

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length, quantity has nothing to do with appearance of object

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elimination of egocentrism

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starts at 12 (puberty) through adulthood; abstract thinking; logical thinking; draw conclusions; ex: concept of love, shades of gray, etc

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erikson

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danish-american; personality psychosocial development theory; identity crisis phrase

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personality psychosocial development

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8 stages: trust vs mistrust; autonomy vs. shame/doubt; initiative vs guilt; industry vs. inferiority; identity vs. confusion; intimacy vs isolation; generativity vs. self absorption; integrity vs despair

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hierarchical classification

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understanding hierarchies; ex: more guys or girls in class?

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trust vs mistrust

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0-18 mo.; are my basic needs being met? predictable certain parents

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autonomy vs. shame/doubt

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18 mo. - 3 y/o; can i do things on my own or will i always need others?

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initiative vs. guilt

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3-5; am i a good or bad person?

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industry vs. inferiority

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6-teens; am i competent or worthless?;
Industry is developed if they feel competent, otherwise they develop inferiority

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identity vs. confusion

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who am i and where am i going?; teens - 20's

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intimacy vs. isolation

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am i capable of meaningful relationships? 20's - 40's

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generativity vs. self absorption

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will i produce something of value?; 40-60

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integrity vs. despair

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people in this age face eminent death. have lived a full life? face death with integrity

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Marcia

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canadian; adolecent psychosocial; expanded on erikson's theory
4 stages of identity development: diffusion; forclosure; moratorium; acheivment

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diffusion

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not going through crisis nor comitment

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foreclosure

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made comitment w/o going through a crisis

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moratorium

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attempting to find an identity; in crisis but not made commitment

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achievement

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both comitment and crisis

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kohlberg

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moral reasoning; theory based pieget; 3 levels; must move through 1 to get through the next; most people never pass conventional level (2)

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preconventional

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morality determinted by reward/punish; kids understand good/bad

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conventional level

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"good boy"; authority is understood good/bad (laws, society rules)

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postconventional level

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social contract orientation - willing to break law/risk life to save relative; ex: civil rights movement

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highlights of adolescence

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identity crisis; good time to remind that it is ok to agree to disagree; stress; suicide ATTEMPTS

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highlights of middle adulthood

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marital happiness (low till kids grown); midlife crisis (ussualy change jobs and reevaluate their life; empty nest adjustment (ussualy happy, not sad)

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highlights of older adulthood

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gradual decline of active neurons - minor effect; decline senses (ez correct glasses hearingaid); fluid intelligence decrease (hard learn new) crystalized intell increase (skills already known); new activites associated with life satisfaction (ex: grandparent travel)

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highlights of early adulthood

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new trend later marriage; increase in alternative lifestyles; new parenting styles

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prenatal development

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made of germinal, embryonic and fetal stages

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germinal stage

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conception - 8 weeks; zygote (one celled org) divide fast; moves through fillopian to uteris

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embryonic stage

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wk 2-8; starts forming body systems and organs;

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fetal stage

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wk 8 - birth; fetus becomes stronger, movement develops and the biological structures become increasingly functional

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self report inventories

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MMPI (minnesota multiphasic personality inventory); 16 personality factor questionair; NEO Personality inventory

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MMPI

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minnesota multiphasic personality inventory - used to look for disorders; clinical psychology; looking at individual differences between people

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16 personality factor questionaire

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used in BUSINESS

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NEO personality inventory

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makes diff from others; normal pop.; used most in research

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projective tests

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rorschach test (ink block test)
TAT (thematic apperception test)

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rorschach/inkblock test

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looking for trends or patterns in your answers; same general genre/idea

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TAT

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Thematic Apperception Test

looking for unconscious influences and recurring themes; majority of stories main character relates to author (literature test)

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freud's levels of awareness

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conscious; preconscious (clothing reference examploe); unconscious (cant access the info) largest content

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freud's psychosexual stages

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oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage, genital stage

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jung

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analytic psychology; student of freud;
personal unconscious, collective uncon
spiritual not sexual

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personal uncon

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pass on memories in lineage; spiritual

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collective uncon

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explained things like dejavu effect - DEJAVU

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adler

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individual psychology; FOCUS ON NEEDS
superiority needed; inferiority complex

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superiority needed

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need to be good at something

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inferiority complex

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people who suffer from this tend to compensate - academics to sports

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trait perspective (evo)

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big 5 OCEAN

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big 5

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Openness to peoples ideas and experiencees

Conscientiousness - dependable

Extraversion

Aagreeableness - cooperative, warm, sympathetic

Neuroticism

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natural selection (evo)

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reliability
cooperation
generoosity

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eysenck

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biological perspective; ENP theory (passed through genes)
Extroversion
neuroticism
psychotism - disreguard for others

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freud defense mech

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repression, projection, displacement, reaction formation, regression, rationalization, identification

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rationalization

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excuses

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regression

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ricky ricardo syndrom; childish behavior

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reaction formation

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parent hates 1 child but treats like favorite

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displacement

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taking out on someone else; scapegoat

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projection

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difficult attributing to something in yourself; put on another

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repression

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push into unconscious