Petersen - Ch.14 Psychology

Front 1

the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Back 1

social psychology

Front 2

the theory that we tend to give a causal explanation for someone's behavior, often crediting either the situation or the person's disposition

Back 2

attribution theory

Front 3

the tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

Back 3

fundamental attribution error

Front 4

a belief and feeling that predisposes one to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events

Back 4

attitude

Front 5

the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

Back 5

foot-in-door-phenomenon

Front 6

the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent

Back 6

cognitive dissonance

Front 7

adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

Back 7

conformity

Front 8

social psychologist who researched the circumstances under which people conform

Back 8

Solomon Asch

Front 9

social psychologist who researched obedience to authority

Back 9

Stanley Milgram

Front 10

the tendency to comply with orders, implied or real, from someone perceived as an authority

Back 10

obedience

Front 11

the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Back 11

social psychology

Front 12

the theory that we tend to give a causal explanation for someone's behavior, often crediting either the situation or the person's disposition

Back 12

attribution theory

Front 13

the tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

Back 13

fundamental attribution error

Front 14

a belief and feeling that predisposes one to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events

Back 14

attitude

Front 15

the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

Back 15

foot-in-door-phenomenon

Front 16

the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent

Back 16

cognitive dissonance

Front 17

adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

Back 17

conformity

Front 18

social psychologist who researched the circumstances under which people conform

Back 18

Solomon Asch

Front 19

social psychologist who researched obedience to authority

Back 19

Stanley Milgram

Front 20

the tendency to comply with orders, implied or real, from someone perceived as an authority

Back 20

obedience

Front 21

improved performance of simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others

Back 21

social facilitation

Front 22

the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable

Back 22

social loafing

Front 23

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonimity

Back 23

deindividuation

Front 24

the enhancement of a group's prevailing attitudes through discussion within the group

Back 24

group polarization

Front 25

the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of the alternatives

Back 25

groupthink

Front 26

occurs when someone's belief about others leads one to act in ways that induce the others to appear to confirm the belief

Back 26

self-fulfilling prophecy

Front 27

the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

Back 27

mere exposure effect

Front 28

an aroused state of intense positive absorbtion in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship

Back 28

passionate love

Front 29

the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined

Back 29

companionate love

Front 30

a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

Back 30

equity

Front 31

revealiing intimate aspects of oneself to others

Back 31

self-disclosure

Front 32

unselfish regard for the welfare of others

Back 32

altruism

Front 33

the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

Back 33

bystander effect

Front 34

an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members

Back 34

prejudice

Front 35

generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action

Back 35

prejudice

Front 36

a generalized belief about a group of people

Back 36

stereotype

Front 37

in social relations, taking action against a group of people because of stereotyped beliefs and feelings of prejudice

Back 37

discrimination

Front 38

people with whom one shares a common identity - "Us"

Back 38

ingroup

Front 39

those perceived as different or apart from "us"

Back 39

outgroup

Front 40

the tendency to favor one's own group

Back 40

ingroup bias

Front 41

the theory that prejudice provides an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

Back 41

scapegoat theory

Front 42

the tendency to believe that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get

Back 42

just-world phenomenon

Front 43

any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

Back 43

aggression

Front 44

shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

Back 44

superordinate goals

Front 45

cultural style that places personal goals or needs ahead of group goals or needs

Back 45

individualism

Front 46

cultural style that places group goals or needs ahead of personal goals or needs

Back 46

collectivism

Front 47

a system of shared beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors that is established to ensure a group's survival and passed on from one generation to the next

Back 47

culture