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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is phenomenology?
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investigates the individual’s conscious experiences
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What is the "noumenal world" and who discovered it?
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Emanual Kant discovered it, and it is objects as they exist in and of themselves, independent of the observer) from the world of phenomena (i.e., conscious experience)
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What was Roger's hermeneutic approach?
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In therapy his main goal was to gain an accurate understanding of how clients experience their world
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What is the phenomenal field?
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the domain of subjective perceptions that makes up the totality of our experience
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what is need for positive regard?
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a basic need to be accepted and respected by others
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how powerful is positive regard?
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so powerful that people can lose touch with their true feelings and values in order to obtain positive regard from others
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why is positive regard essential for child development?
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children need love & guidance, parents provide nurture and feedback on what is proper,
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What were the 3 parental attitudes/behaviors Coopersmith found important for self-esteem?
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degree of acceptance, affection, interest, & warmth expressed to a child, permissiveness vs punishment & whether parent-child relationships were democratic or dictorial
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What are the key 3 steps to the hermeneutic approach?
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Search for meaning in a characters action, deduce meaning by examining the historical and social context in which a character is acting, & Evaluate the ethical and moral goodness of a character’s actions
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what is the actual self?
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the self that we believe we are now
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what is the ideal self?
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the self that we aspire to become in the future
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what is the Q-sort technique?
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examiuner gives respondan ]=
an examiner gives a respondent a set of cards & has them rate themselves w/ categories. most r found in the middle w/ a few at the end of each |
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what is self actualization?
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a forward-looking tendency toward personal growth
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what is self consistency?
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Roger's concept expressing an absence of conflict among perceptions with the self
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what is congruence?
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roger's concept expressing an absence of conflict between the perceived self and experience; essential for growth & therapeutic progress
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what is anxiety a result of?
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result on in congruence between perception of self and actual experience
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what is subception?
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a process emphasized by Rogers in which a stimulus is experienced without being brought into awareness
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what is denial of experience?
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a defense mechanism emphasized by Freud & Rogers in which threatening feelings are not allowed into awreness
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what is distortion?
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according to Rogers, a defsive process in which experience is changed so as to be brought into awareness in a form that is consistent with the self.
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What did Aronsen & Mattee prove?
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that cheating is congruent with self-esteem
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What did Hiempl study show?
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that people w/ high self-esteem did more for themselves when in a negative mood than people w/ low self-esteem (watch a comedy movie to alter their mood)
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What is genuinism?
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The therapist selectively, but authentically, shares thoughts and feelings with the client, even negative ones
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what is unconditional positive regard?
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The therapist non-judgmentally prizes the client, which allows the client to explore experience without denying or distorting it
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What is empathic understanding?
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The therapist strives to understand the feelings and meaning of events from the client’s point of view
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What is broaden-and-build theory?
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Positive emotions “broaden” thought and action by widening the range of ideas that come to mind.
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what does experimental existential psychology do?
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addresses issues involving the meaning of life, fear of death, alienation, and freedom and responsibility
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What is Terror Management theory do?
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expresses the desire to live(human & animal characteristic) & the awareness of the inevitability of death (uniquely only human)
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How do society & culture affect TMT?
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Some cultures express having an afterlife & that one does not end when death occurs, and society teaches the human that they are apart of something greater (family, community, etc.) & that they live on through their offspring
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What does the ideal self focus on?
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centers on ambitions, desires, and hopes
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What is the ought self?
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focuses on duties, obligations, and responsibilities
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What is authenticity?
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the extent to which people behave consistently with their actual self and experience
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What is a trait?
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a consistent pattern of behavior, emotion, and thought
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What are 2 connotations about traits?
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1. Stability (traits describe regularity in behavior). 2.Distinctiveness (traits distinguish among individuals)
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What does building a personality theory based on traits imply?
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that traits for people are consistent over time regardless of experience.
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What is taxonomy?
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a way of classifying the traits being studied
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What do traits do?
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Summarize a persons typical behavior & what they are usually like, and also provide descriptive facts that must be explained by other theories of personality
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What are cardinal traits?
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express dispositions that are so pervasive that virtually every act is traceable to its influence (1)
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What are central traits?
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express dispositions that cover a more limited range of situations (3-10)
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What are secondary dispositions?
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traits that are the least conspicuous, generalized, and consistent (many)
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