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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the two causes of peripheral neuropathies?
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-Acquired
-Inherited |
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What are three common causes of acquired neuropathies?
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-Trauma from external agents
-Systemic disease -Infections or autoimmune disorders affecting nervous tissue |
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Three common causes of traumatic nerve injuries?
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-Stretch injury
-Lacerations -Compression |
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The most common type of traumatic nerve injury is?
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-Stretch injury
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Brachial plexus injuries and radial nerve injuries are examples of?
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-Stretch injuries
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_____________ is caused by blunt or penetrating trauma whereby peripheral nerves are partially or completely severed?
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-Lacerations
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What is the most common and bad ass type of laceration injury?
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-STAB WOUND. . may not be the most common but still bad ass.
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Carpal tunnel would be an example of?
a) Stretch injury b) Laceration injury c) Compression d) Repetitive stress |
d) carpal tunnel would be an example of repetitive stress.
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What is the leading cause of peripheral neuropathies in the US?
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-Diabetes Mellitus
-We are FAT |
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What is another name for Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Neuropathy?
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-Chronic Guillian-Barre Syndrome
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Acute inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy is also know as?
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-Guillian-Barre Sundrome
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The following symptoms describe what disease?
-extreme weakness and wasting(specifically legs) -Foot deformities (high arches & hammer toes) -Gait abnormalities -Loss of tendon reflexes and lower limb numbness |
-Charcot-Marie-Tooth Diesease
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Trophic changes include? (3)
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-Shiny skin
-Brittle nails -Neurogenic jt damage |
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Shiny skin, loss of wrinkles, curves and elongated nails indicate what disease?
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-CRPS type 1
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How to classify Nerve injuries:
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Put the follow in order from least to most serious:
a) Axonotmesis b) neuropraxia c) neurotmesis |
b) neuropraxia
a) Axonotmesis c) neurotmesis |
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What level of nerve injury requires surgery?
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-Neurotmesis
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Degeneration of the fibers DISTAL to the cell body is known as?
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-Wallerian Degeneration
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Why can E-Stim have a negative effect on Class 2-3 injuries?
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-E-Stim can block the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) from being produced. This protein signals muscle denervation and directs the fibers where to go.
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What are the two types of surgery for nerve injury?
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-Immediate
-Early Delayed |
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What type of injury receives immediate repair?
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-A clean cut such as glass or a partial transection.
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What type of injury receives a early delayed repair and why?
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-A major trauma or contamination injury. This is because there may be other concerns and the initial swelling/damage may need to resolve first.
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What portion of the nerve is connected with a surgical repair?
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-The epineurium is connected and the axons are allowed to connect.
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Which type of peripheral neuropathy involves a single nerve?
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-Mononeuropathy
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What type of neuropathy is defined at asymmetrical involvement of several nerves?
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-Mononeuropathy multiplex
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The next slide is a visual for Polyneuropathy:
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GLOVE AND STOCKING
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The next is a visual for Mononeuropathy Multiplex
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Distal symmetric polyneuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, and cranial mononeuropathy are all types of ______________?
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-Diabetic Neuropathies
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What is the most common type of Diabetic Neuropathy?
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-Distal Symmetric Sensory Polyneuropathy
s/s: foot pain and paresthesias bilaterally, may have motor weakness (ie foot drop) |
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What are some common symptoms of Diabetic proximal motor neuropathy?
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-Symptoms include severe pain in lumbar and sacral regions and weakness in the proximal large muscles of the legs and pelvic area.
-Muscle wasting is usually asymmetric with bilateral involvement. |
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Isolated lesions of cranial nerves III, IV, or VI are common in what type of diabetic neuropathy?
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-Cranial mononeuropathy
s/s: unilateral forehead pain, eye pain, and diplopia that develops over a few hours |
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Clinical presentation of peripheral neuropathy include? (name 3)
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-Numbness
-Paresthesias (tingling, burning, or prickling) -Sharp pains or cramps -Extreme sensitivity to touch, even light touch (allodynia) -Loss of balance and coordination -Loss of reflexes and muscle weakness |
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What is the most important test to do with a diabetic patient with concerns of neuropathy?
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-Semmes-Weinstein
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T or F:
Exercise has little to no benefit on peripheral neuropathies? |
FALSE:
-An exercise balance program performed for 60 mins. 2X/wk for 8 wks in older adults with diabetic neuropathies significantly improved static and dynamic balance (i.e, postural sway, one-leg stance, Berg, FR, TUG, 10-m walk) and trunk proprioception compared to a group that received health education |
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Kegel: "with diabetes, ___________ diameter is affected"
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-Small
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Why does larger diameter take longer to heal after injury?
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-They need more time for remylination
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What classification would a crush injury be?
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-Class 2
-also involves sensory, motor and autonomics |
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When evaluating, what type of pattern is seen with a nerve root injury?
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-Dermatomal pattern
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