Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What type of gingiva extends from the base of the sulcus to the gingival margin?
|
Marginal (unattached) Gingiva
|
|
What is a healthy position of the gingival margin?
|
1-3mm coronal to the cementoenamel junction
|
|
What is the space between the tooth and the marginal gingiva?
|
Gingival Sulcus
|
|
What is the ideal healthy depth of the gingival sulcus?
|
1-3mm
|
|
What approximates the apical level of the marginal gingiva or base of the sulcus?
|
Free gingival groove
|
|
What type of gingiva extends from the base of the gingival sulcus to the mucogingival junction?
|
Attached Gingiva
|
|
What are high connective tissue ridges within the lamina propria that elevate the epithelium into slightly rounded surface protrusions?
|
Stippling
|
|
What feature of the attached gingiva is generally lost with inflammation?
|
Stippling
|
|
Where is the attached gingiva the widest on the buccal surface?
|
At the incisors
|
|
Where is the attached gingiva the widest on the lingual surface?
|
At the molars
|
|
What structure generally fills the interdental space?
|
Inerdental papilla (Interdental gingiva)
|
|
What determines the shape of the interdental papilla?
|
The surrounding anatomy (Tooth position, diastema, degree of eruption/missing teeth)
|
|
What type of tissue is the posterior interdental papilla?
|
Non-keratinized
|
|
Where is the anatomical position where the attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa meet?
|
Mucogingival Junction
|
|
(T/F) The mucogingival junction is made of keratinized tissue.
|
False, The mucogingival junction is non-keratinized
|
|
What structure is a muscle and connective tissue attachment?
|
Frenum
|
|
What is the color of healthy gingiva?
|
Pink (Possible to have physiologic pigmentation)
|
|
What is a healthy contour of gingiva?
|
Knife-edged
|
|
What are intracellular junctions or attachments of the oral epithelium?
|
Desmosomes
|
|
What division of the oral epithelium contains keratohyalin granules?
|
Strats Granulosum
|
|
What is the term for the complete keratinization of the stratum corneum?
|
Orthokeratinization
|
|
What is the term for the incomplete keratinization of the stratum corneum?
|
Perakeratinization
|
|
About how long does it take a cell to transverse the oral epithelium?
|
About 10 days
|
|
What causes the cells to slough away into the oral cavity?
|
The degeneration of the desmosomes
|
|
What type of cells produce melanin?
|
Melanocytes
|
|
What cells are involved in the regulation of tissue function?
|
Langerhans Cells
|
|
What cells are important for tactile sensory?
|
Merkel Cell
|
|
What type of cells are responsible for the inflammatory response?
|
Lymphocytes
|
|
What is the primary cell of the gingival connective tissue (lamina propria)?
|
Fibroblast
|
|
What is the primary fiber type of the gingival connective tissue?
|
Collagen
|
|
Which region of the interdental papilla is more susceptible to inflammation?
|
Posterior region
|
|
What strata are contained in the oral epithelium (List from superficial to deep)
|
Corneum
Granulosum Spinosum Basale |
|
What type of epithelium can be found facing the enamel from the gingival margin to the junctional epithelium?
|
Sulcular Epithelium
|
|
What are the layers of strata found on the sulcular epithelium? (Superficial to deep)
|
Superficial
Intermediate Spinosum Basale |
|
Is sulcular epithelium keratinized or non-keratinized?
|
Non-keratinized
|
|
What type of epithelium is the collar like band of epithelium that surrounds the tooth and is attached to both the tooth and connective tissue?
|
Junctional Epithelium
|
|
Which type of epithelium has the largest rete pegs?
|
Oral epithelium
|
|
Which type of epithelium has few desmosomes and intercellular space?
|
Junctional epithelium
|
|
About how long is the cell renewal of the junctional epithelium?
|
About four days
|
|
Which type of attachment contains no rete pegs?
|
Junctional Epithelium - Connective Tissue Attachment
Sulcular Epithelium - Connective Tissue Attachment |
|
Where can hemidesmosomes be found?
|
In epithelium-connective tissue attachments
|
|
Where is the junctional epithelium the thickest?
|
At the most coronal part (15-30 cell layers)
|
|
What is the junctional epithelium- tooth attachment comprised of?
|
Hemidesmosomes
Lamina Lucida Lamina Densa |
|
What are three main fiber orientations of the gingival connective tissue (lamina propria)?
|
Circular
Gingivodental Teansseptal |
|
What fiber orientation of the gingival connective tissue maintains the contour and position of the marginal gingiva and encircles the gingiva in a ring-like fashion?
|
Circular
|
|
What fiber orientation of the gingival connective tissue provides gingival support?
|
Gingivodental
|
|
What fiber orientation of the gingival connective tissue maintains the relationship of adjacent teeth, extends from the cementum of one tooth to the cementum of another, and protects interproximal bone?
|
Transseptal
|
|
What two fiber orientations of the gingival connective tissue attaches gingiva to bone?
|
Alveologingival
Periosteogingival |
|
What fiber orientation of the gingival connective tissue secures the alignment of teeth in the arch?
|
Transgingival
|
|
What fiber orientation of the gingival connective tissue provides support for interdental gingiva?
|
Interpapillary
|
|
What fiber orientation of the gingival connective tissue stabilizes teeth in the arch?
|
Intercircular
|
|
What fiber orientation of the gingival connective tissue provides support and contour of attached gingiva?
|
Intergingival
|
|
(T/F) Gingival crevicular fluid can be found in measurable quantities in healthy, uninflamed gingiva.
|
False, it is not present in measureable quantities in healthy, uninflamed gingiva
|
|
What is attachment loss generally measured from?
|
The cementoenamel junction
|
|
What is the connective tissue structure that surrounds the root and connects it to bone?
|
Periodontal Ligament
|
|
What does the alveolar crest fiber bundle of the periodontal ligament do?
|
Counterbalances forces of more apical fibers, keeping tooth in socket
|
|
What principal fiber bundles of the periodontal ligament stabalizes the tooth in the socket?
|
Horizontal
|
|
What is the largest group of principal fiber bundles of the periodontal ligament?
|
Oblique
|
|
What principal fiber bundle of the periodontal ligament takes occlusal forces and transforms them to tension forces on the bone?
|
Oblique
|
|
What type of fibers are the terminal part of the principal fibers of the PDL that insert into cementum and bone?
|
Sharpey's fibers
|
|
What type of bone is comprised of trabeculae with irregularly shaped marrow spaces?
|
Cancellous bone (supporting bone)
|
|
What type of bone is superficial or outer surface of the buccal and lingual plates?
|
Compact bone
|
|
What type of bone is comprised of dense compact bone and bundle bone?
|
Alveolar bone proper (cribriform plate; radiographically as the lamina dura)
|
|
What does the interdental bone contour depend on?
|
The tooth (contour of enamel and interdental width, eruption, position and angulation, tooth width)
|
|
What is an isolated area where the root is denuded of bone, leaving only periosteum and gingiva over the root with marginal bone intact?
|
Fenestration
|
|
Where could fenestration be found greater in prevelance in the oral cavity?
|
On the anterior facial surface
|
|
What is the term when the denuded area around the root extends through the marginal bone?
|
Dehiscence
|
|
What is the ratio of inorganic to organic composition of alveolar bone?
|
70% Inorganic
30% Organic |
|
What is the least stable periodontal tissue under constant turnover?
|
Alveolar Bone
|
|
What cells of the alveolar bone produce the organic matrix of the bone?
|
Osteoblasts
|
|
What cells of the alveolar bone are the resident cells of the bone?
|
Osteocytes
|
|
What cells of the alveolar bone produce resorption of the bone?
|
Osteoclasts
|
|
Which type of cementum is acellular?
|
Primary
|
|
Which type of cementum is cellular?
|
Secondary
|
|
Where can primary cementum be found?
|
The cervical one third of one half of the root
|
|
Where can secondary cementum be found?
|
The apical one third of the root
|
|
Where is the cementum thickest?
|
Toward the apex
|
|
What is the vascular supply of the alveolar process, periodontal ligament, and gingiva of the maxilla?
|
Periodontal ligament vessels (From Supraperiosteal branches of Anterior and Posterior Superior Alveolar Arteries, Infraorbital, Greater Palatine Artery)
Intraseptal Arteries (From Superior Alveolar Artery) |
|
What is defined as inflammation of the gingiva in the absence of clinical attachment loss?
|
Dental Plaque Associated Gingivitis
|
|
What is defined as an overgrowth of gingival tissue frequently without a primary inflammatory etiology that may occur in the absence of any periodontitis?
|
Gingival Enlargement (Drug-influenced?)
|
|
What is defined as inflammation of the gingiva and the adjacent attachment apparatus?
|
Chronic periodontitis
|
|
What characterizes localized chronic periodontitis?
|
Less than 30% of sites in sextant exhibit attachment loss
|
|
What are some systemic factors that influence gingival diseases?
|
Puberty
Menstrual Cycle Pregnancy Diabetes |
|
What types of medications are attributed to gingival enlargement?
|
Seizure
Kidney Transplants Hypertensive Medications Ca Channel Blockers |
|
What range of attachment loss and probing depths generally constitute slight chronic periodontitis?
|
1-2mm attachment loss
3-5mm of probing depth |
|
What range of attachment loss and probing depths generally constitute moderate chronic periodontitis?
|
3-4mm of attachment loss
5-6mm of probing depth |
|
What range of attachment loss and probing depths generally constitute severe chronic periodontitis?
|
5+mm of attachment loss
7+mm of probing depth |
|
What is defined as distinct types of periodontitis that affect people who, in most cases, otherwise appear healthy with a rapid rate of disease progression?
|
Aggressive Periodontitis
|
|
What constitutes a localized incidence of aggressive periodontitis?
|
1st molar/incisors
|
|
(T/F) Metabolic diseases like diabetes or hormonal diseases are often linked with periodontitis.
|
False, Metabolic diseases are not causative of periodontitis
|
|
What are three types of systemic diseases that are linked to periodontitis?
|
Hematologic Disorders (lukemia, neutropenias)
Immune System Disorders (HIV, transplant patients) Genetic Disorders (Down Syndrome, cyclic neutropenia) |
|
What is a major determining factor in diagnosing necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
|
Severe Pain
|
|
What bacteria is frequently found present in necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
|
Spirochetes
|
|
What is defined as a localized purulent infection that involves the marginal gingiva or interdental papilla?
|
Gingival Abscess
|
|
What is defined as a localized purulent infection within the tissues adjacent to the periodontal pocket that may lead to the destruction of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone?
|
Periodontal Abscess
|
|
What is the diagnosis of AAP Case Type I?
|
Gingivitis
|
|
What is the diagnosis of AAP Case Type II?
|
Early Periodontitis
|
|
What is the diagnosis of AAP case type III?
|
Moderate Periodontitis
|
|
What is the diagnosis of AAP case type IV?
|
Advanced Periodontitis
|
|
What was the diagnosis of the no longer used AAP case type V?
|
Refractory Periodontitis
|