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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
acid
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Any dissolved substance that donates H+ to other solutes or to water molecules.
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atom
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Fundamental form of matter that has mass and takes up space, and cannot be broken apart by everyday means.
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atomic number
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The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; identifies an element.
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base
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Any substance that accepts hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water, thus forming hydroxyl ions (OH– ). Also, the nitrogencontaining component of a nucleic acid.
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buffer system
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A weak acid and the base that forms when it dissolves in water. The two work as a pair to counter slight shifts in pH.
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chemical bond
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A union between the electron structures of two or more atoms or ions.
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covalent bond
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Sharing of one or more electrons between two atoms.
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electric gradient
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A difference in electric charge between adjoining regions.
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electron
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Negatively charged unit of matter, with particle-like and wavelike properties; occupies an orbital around atomic nucleus.
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element
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Material consisting of atoms all with the same atomic number.
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hydrogen bond
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An intermolecular interaction between a covalently bonded hydrogen atom and a different atom bearing a negative charge (e.g., oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen).
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internal environment
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In animals, blood and interstitial fluid (extracellular fluid).
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ionic bond
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Interaction between ions held together by attraction of opposite charges.
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isotopes
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Two or more forms of an element’s atoms differing in the number of neutrons.
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kilocalorie
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A thousand calories of heat energy, the amount needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1°C. Standard unit of measure for the energy content of foods.
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mass number
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The sum of all protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus.
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mixture
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Two or more elements intermingled in proportions that can and usually do vary.
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molecule
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Two or more atoms of the same or different elements joined by chemical bonds.
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neutron
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Subatomic particle found in an atom’s nucleus; has mass but no charge.
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nucleus
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Organelle that physically separates DNA from the cytoplasm in a eukaryotic cell.
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periodic table
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Tabular arrangement of elements based on their chemical properties.
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pH scale
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A measure of the H+ concentration (acidity) of blood, water, and other solutions. pH 7 is neutral.
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proton
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Positively charged subatomic particle found in an atom’s nucleus.
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radioactive decay
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An atom emits energy as subatomic particles and x-rays as its unstable nucleus disintegrates spontaneously. The process transforms one element into another.
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radioisotope
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Isotope with an unstable nucleus (too many or too few neutrons).
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temperature
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A measure of molecular motion.
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tracer
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Substance with attached radioisotope that researchers can track after delivering it into a cell, a multicelled body, ecosystem, or other system.
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