Pdbio Exam 2 Lecture 13

Front 1

What are general senses?

Back 1

Temperature, pain, touch, stretch, and pressure

Front 2

What are special senses?

Back 2

Gustation, olfaction, vision, equilibrium, and audition

Front 3

Stimuli are detected by...

Back 3

receptors

Front 4

Where are tactile receptors located?

Back 4

In the dermis and hypodermis

Front 5

Tactile receptors are...

Back 5

mechanoreceptors that react to touch, pressure, and vibration

Front 6

Papillae

Back 6

Filiform - anterior 2/3 tongue, no taste buds

Fungiform - tip and sides of tongue, few taste buds (only one with tastebuds on top)

Circumvallate - back of tongue, largest

Foliate - lateral tongue, taste buds during infancy

Front 7

What are the 3 types of taste bud cells?

Back 7

Gustatory cells

Supporting cells

Basal cells

Front 8

Gustatory cells

Back 8

Chemoreceptors

Replaced every 7-10 days

Front 9

Basal cells

Back 9

Immature, replace the other two types

Front 10

The five flavors detected over broad regions of the tongue are...

Back 10

Salty

Sweet

Sour

Bitter

Umami (savory)

Front 11

Olfaction

Back 11

Olfactory neurons - chemoreceptors, bipolar neurons

Supporting cells

Basal cells - stem cells for renewal of other cells

Thousands of chemical stimuli can be recognized

Front 12

What are the accessory structures of the eye?

Back 12

Conjunctiva

Eyebrows, eyelashes, and palpebrae (eyelids)

Lacrimal system

Tarsal glands

Front 13

What does conjunctiva cover?

Back 13

Eye's anterior surface and internal eyelid surface

Front 14

What is the purpose of eyebrows, eyelashes, and palpebrae?

Back 14

Prevents foreign objects from contacting the eye

Front 15

Which chamber(s) is filled with aqueous humor?

Back 15

Anterior chamber

Posterior chamber

Front 16

Which chamber(s) is filled with vitreous humor?

Back 16

Vitreous chamber

Front 17

The anterior chamber is between...

Back 17

cornea and iris

Front 18

The posterior chamber is between

Back 18

iris and lens

Front 19

What is a major cause of blindness?

Back 19

Cataracts

Front 20

What happens during a cataract?

Back 20

Lens becomes opaque

Front 21

What are the causes of cataracts?

Back 21

Aging

Diabetes

UV exposure

Glaucoma (disease that damages the optic nerve)

Eye infections

Front 22

What is the treatment for a cataract?

Back 22

Artificiallens

Front 23

What makes up the fibrous tunic of the eye?

Back 23

Sclera

Cornea

Front 24

What makes up the vascular tunic of the eye?

Back 24

Choroid

Ciliary body

Suspensory ligaments

Iris

Front 25

What makes up the neural tunic of the eye?

Back 25

Retina (photoreceptors)

Front 26

Photoreceptors have ____ and _____. What do they do?

Back 26

Rods: function in dim light, don't provide sharp vision or color vision, more numerous than cones

Cones: operate best in bright light, provide high acuity color vision

Front 27

What are the retinal regions?

Back 27

Macula lutea - contains mostly cones

Fovea centralis - contains only cones, maximal visual acuity

Optic disc - contains no rods or cones, axons exit eye, blind spot

Front 28

What is macular degeneration?

Back 28

When the eye gets blurry

Front 29

What is the function of ceruminous glands?

Back 29

Produce cerumen (earwax)

Earwax impedes microorganism growth

Front 30

Which muscles contract and cling when it's loud so that the ear drum doesn't vibrate so much?

Back 30

Stapedius muscle and tensor tympanic muscle

Front 31

Otitis Media

Back 31

Infection of the middle ear

More common in children because their auditory tubes are horizontal (bacteria from a throat infection can migrate through the auditory tube into the middle ear)

Less common in adults because their auditory tubes are more verticle

Front 32

Vestibule

Back 32

Utricle and saccule

Detects acceleration and deceleration

Helps sense eqilibrium

Front 33

Semicircular canals

Back 33

Detect rotational movements

Help sense equilibrium

Front 34

Cochlea

Back 34

Senses audition