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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Gross anatomy
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Study structures without using microscope
Examination of large structures by looking at them |
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Anatomical position
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The subject is erect and The subject is erect and facing the observer. Head level and eyes facing directly forward. Feet parallel, flat on the floor and directly forward. Arms placed at the sides with palms turned forward.
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Axial
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1. pertaining to or deriving from an axis.
2. pertaining to or deriving from the axis bone of the vertebral column. |
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Appendicular
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1. Relating to an appendix.
2. Relating to the limbs. |
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Abdominal
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Anterior trunk, just below the ribs
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Acromial (deltoid)
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Point of shoulder
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Antebrachial
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Pertaining to the forearm
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Antecubital
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Anterior surface of the elbow
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Axillary
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Armpit
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Brachial
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Arm
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Buccal
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Cheek area
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Carpal
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Wrist
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Cervical
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Neck region
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Coxal
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Hip
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Crural
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Leg
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Digital
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Fingers, toes
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Femoral
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Thigh
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Fibular
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Lateral part of the leg
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Frontal
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1. Of or relating to the forehead or frontal bone.
2. Of or relating to the frontal plane. |
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Hallux
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Big toe. More generally, the innermost digit on the hind foot of animals.
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Inguinal
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Area where thigh meets body trunk (groin)
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Mammary
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Any of the milk-producing glands in female mammals
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Nasal
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Nose area
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Oral
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Mouth
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Orbital
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Area around the eye
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Palmar
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Of, relating to, or corresponding to the palm of the hand
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Patellar
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Anterior knee
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Pedal
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Foot
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Pelvic
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Area overlying the pelvis anteriorly
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Pollex
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Thumb
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Pubic
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Genital region
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Sternal
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Breastbone area
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Tarsal
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Ankle region
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Thoracic
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Chest
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Umbilical
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Naval
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Acromial
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Point of shoulder
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Brachial
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Arm
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Calcaneal
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Relating to the heel bone or heel
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Cephalic
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Head
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Coxal
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Hip
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Dorsum
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Back; posterior part of a human
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Femoral
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Thigh area
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Gluteal
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Buttock
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Lumbar
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Area between the ribs and hips
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Manus
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Hand
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Occipital
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Posterior surface of the head
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Olecranal
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Elbow
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Otic
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Of or relating to near the ear
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Perineal
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The portion of the body in the pelvis occupied by urogenital passages and the rectum
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Peroneal
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Fibula
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Plantar
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Undersurface of the foot
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Popilteal
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Posterior knee area
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Sacral
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The area between the hips
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Scapular
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Shoulder blade region
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Sural
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Posterior surface of lower leg, the calf
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Vertebral
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Area of spine
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Superior (cranial or cephalad)
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Toward the head, or above, toward the upper part of a structure
Ex: Head relative to chest |
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Inferior (Caudal)
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Away from the head, or toward the lower part of a structure, or below
Ex: Chest relative to head |
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Anterior (Ventral)
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Toward the front of the body, in front of
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Posterior (Dorsal)
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Toward the back side, behind
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Medial
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Toward or at the midline of the body, on the inner side of
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Lateral
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Away from the midline of the body, on the inner side of
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Proximal
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Close to the origin of the body part of the point of attachment
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Distal
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Farther away from the original of the body part of the point of attachment
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Superficial
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Toward or at the body surface
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Deep
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Away from the body surface; more internal
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Section
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A part that is cut off or separated
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Plane
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Imaginary flat surfaces that pass through body parts
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Sagittal plane
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Vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sides
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Median or midsagittal plane
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Divides the body into equal right and left sides
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Parasagittal planes
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Divide the body into unequal right and left halves
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Frontal or coronal plane
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Divide the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back)
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Transverse, cross-sectional, or horizontal plane
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Divide the body into superior (upper), and inferior (lower) portion
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Oblique plane
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Passes through the body or an organ at an angle between the transverse plane and Sagittal or frontal plane
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Dorsal Body Cavity
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Located near the back;
Sub-divided into the cranial cavity and vertebral canal (spinal) |
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Cranial cavity
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A subdivision of the dorsal body cavity;
Formed by the cranial bones, contains the brain |
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Vertebral (spinal) cavity
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A subdivision of the dorsal body cavity;
Formed by the vertebrae, contains the spinal cord and the beginnings of the spinal nerves |
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Ventral body cavity
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Much larger than the dorsal cavity,
Sub-divided by the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity |
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Thoracic cavity
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A subdivision of the ventral body cavity;
Above the diaphragm and surrounded by the rib cage. Subdivided into the two pleural cavities, pericardial cavity, and mediastinum |
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Pleural cavities (left and right)
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A subdivision of the thoracic cavity.
Surround the lungs and contain a small amount of fluid |
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Mediastinum
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A subdivision of the thoracic cavity,
medial to the lungs, extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and from the neck to the diaphragm. Contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus, large blood vessels and the pericardial cavity which surrounds the heart |
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Pericardial cavity
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Contained within the mediastinum, surrounds the heart
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Diaphragm
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Subdivides the ventral cavity, separating the thoracic cavity (above) from the abdominal cavity (below)
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Abdominopelvic (peritoneal) cavity
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Contained within the ventral body cavity, extends from the diaphgram to the groin and encircled by the abdominal walls and bones and muscles of the pelvis.
Contains the peritoneal cavity which is lined by the peritoneum. Subdivided into the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity |
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Abdominal cavity
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Contained within the abdominopelvic cavity
Extends from the diaphragm to the level of the superior margin of the pelvis. Contains the stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and most of the large intestine |
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Pelvic cavity
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Contained within the abdominopelvic cavity
Inferior to the abdominal cavity Formed by the bony pelvis and muscles form its floor Contains the urinary bladder, a portion of the large intestine, and the internal organs of the reproductive system |
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Synovial cavities
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Joint cavities. The are enclosed within fibrous capsules that surround freely movable joints of the body (such as the elbow and knee joints). Like the serous membranes, membranes lining these cavities secrete a lubricating fluid that reduces friction as the bones move across one another
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Serous membrane of the ventral body cavity
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Covers the viscera and lines the walls of the thorax and the abdomen.
Consists of two layers: Parietal layer, which lines the walls of the cavities Visceral layer, which covers and adheres to the viscera within the cavities There is serous fluid between the two layers to reduce friction |
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Visceral pericardium
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Covers the surface of the heart
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Parietal pericardium
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Lines the chest wall
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Pericardial cavity
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Lies between the visceral and parietal pericardiums
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Visceral pleura
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Covers the lungs
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Parietal pleura
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Covers the chest wall
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Pleural cavity
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Lies between the visceral and parietal pleura, and contains a small volume of serous fluid
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Visceral peritoneum
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Covers the abdominal viscera
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Parietal peritoneum
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Lines the abdominal wall
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Peritoneal cavity
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Lies between the visceral and parietal peritoneum and contains most abdominal organs
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Retroperitoneum
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Located behind the parietal peritoneum between it and posterior abdominal wall
Organs: Kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, duodenum of the small intestine, and the ascending and descending colons of the large intestine, aorta and inferior vena cava |
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Oral cavity
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Contains the teeth and tongue
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Nasal cavity
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Located within and posterior to the nose, part of the respiratory system passageways
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Orbital cavity
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House the eyes and present them in an anterior position
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Middle ear cavity
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Lie just medial to the eardrums. Contain tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the hearing receptors in the inner ears
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Epigastric region
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Top center of the abdominopelvic regions, contains the stomach
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Umbilical region
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Center of the abdominopelvic regions, contains the main mass of the small intestine
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Hypogastric (pubic) region
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Bottom center of the abdominopelvic regions, contains primary sex organs, urinary bladder, and appendix
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Hypochondriac regions (left and right)
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Top left and right of the abdominopelvic regions, right contains the liver and gallbladder
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Lumbar regions (left and right)
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Middle left and right of the abdominopelvic regions, right contains the ascending colon of the large intestine, while left contains the descending colon
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Iliac regions (left and right)
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Bottom left and right of the abdominopelvic regions, right contains the cecum, and left contains the initial part of the sigmoid colon
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