Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
178 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What do the connecting rod and crankshaft do?
|
Convert reciprocating motion into rotary motion.
|
|
|
What are the two kinds of holes in a crankshaft?
|
1) Oil transfer holes in the bearings
2) Balancing holes |
|
|
Name the strokes in a four-stroke cycle engine.
|
1. Intake
2. Compression 3. Power 4. Exhaust |
|
|
What are connecting rod bearing characteristics?
|
1. Load strength
2. Antiscuffing 3. Corrosion resistance 4. Conductivity 5. Insensitive to temperature change 6. Embeddability 7. Conformation |
|
|
What are some ways piston expansion is prevented?
|
1. The use of steel struts
2. Cam-ground piston 3. Partial Skirt Pistons 4. Split Skirt Pistons 5. T-Slot Pistons |
|
|
List 3 ways camshafts are driven
|
Gears, timing chain, or timing belt.
|
|
|
What is the ratio of crankshaft to camshaft rotation?
|
2:1
|
|
|
What are the two types of piston rings?
|
Compression rings and oil control rings.
|
|
|
What are the two types of springs on clutch discs?
|
1) Wave springs - providing a range of smooth engagement
2) Torsion springs absorb twisting force |
|
|
What types of connections exist between pedal and clutch fork to activate the clutch?
|
Cables, pushrod linkage, and hydraulic
|
|
|
What are problems associated with incorrect free play in the clutch pedal?
|
Too much - might grind gears due to insufficient clutch engagement.
Too little - might cause throwout bearing wear as it is constantly engaged. |
|
|
What touches the clutch disc?
|
Pressure plate, flywheel, transmission input shaft.
|
|
|
What touches the pressure plate?
|
Flywheel, clutch disc, throwout bearing.
|
|
|
What 3 parts are needed to convert 2wd to 4wd?
|
Transfer case, front driveshaft, steering differential.
|
|
|
What are the 2 jobs of the transfer case?
|
Transmit power to front wheels, select driving range.
|
|
|
What are the four modes available from a planetary gearset?
|
Overdrive, direct drive, reverse, low.
|
|
|
What components do the shifting in an automatic transmission?
|
Clutches and bands.
|
|
|
Where does automatic transmission get oil pressure?
|
Transmission oil pump.
|
|
|
What does the oil pump do in an automatic transmission?
|
Lubricates transmission, engages clutches and bands.
|
|
|
What does the valve body do?
|
Up to 4-5 housekeeping tasks associated with each shift command from the shift valves.
|
|
|
What actuates bands in an automatic transmission?
|
Servos.
|
|
|
What releases clutches in an automatic transmission?
|
Springs.
|
|
|
Where does an automatic transmission get its shift information from?
|
Governor and throttle valve, or VSS and TPS+MAP.
|
|
|
What does transmission look at when deciding when to shift?
|
Speed and load.
|
|
|
What are the two things a torque converter does?
|
Increase torque and prevent stall at stop.
|
|
|
When does lockup in a torque converter normally occur?
|
Over 40mph or so.
|
|
|
When does the oil pump in a transmission turn?
|
Whenever engine is running or cranking
|
|
|
How do you get oil to a rotating part?
|
Grooves and seals.
|
|
|
What does lockup give you?
|
Better efficiency at high speeds.
|
|
|
What is the Governor's job?
|
Sends speed information to the automatic transmission.
|
|
|
What does a throttle valve do?
|
Send load information to the automatic transmission.
|
|
|
How many ways are there to do a Limited Slip Differential?
|
Three, clutch plate, cone clutch, torsen differential.
|
|
|
When driving straight ahead, what do differential gears do?
|
They tumble.
|
|
|
When do differential pinion gears rotate?
|
When cornering or whenever one wheel moving faster than the other.
|
|
|
If one tire is in snow, ice, mud, or slime, which wheel gets power in an open differential?
|
The wheel with no traction.
|
|
|
What are the three jobs of the outboard CV Joint?
|
Rotate, move up and down, and turn.
|
|
|
What are the three jobs of the inboard CV joint?
|
Rotate, move up and down, and change length.
|
|
|
What is required to remove a driveshaft?
|
Remove 4 bolts with a crescent wrench.
|
|
|
When should you remove a driveshaft temporarily?
|
Before towing.
|
|
|
What activates the clutches in an automatic transmission?
|
Oil pressure pistons.
|
|
|
What to clutches and bands do in an automatic transmission?
|
Clutches lock two parts together, bands stop the motion of a part.
|
|
|
When is a synchronizer used?
|
Whenever entering a new gear.
|
|
|
On what type of transmissions are output gears always spinning?
|
Both automatic and manual.
|
|
|
What two parts can be eliminated by using a MacPherson strut?
|
Upper control arm, upper ball joint.
|
|
|
What is the job of the spring in a suspension?
|
Absorb force of bumps so it's not transmitted to the body.
|
|
|
What is the job of the shock absorber?
|
Control the spring.
|
|
|
What is brake fade, and how do you tell that it has occurred?
|
No brake friction due to heat, the brake pedal feels normal, but car won't slow as fast.
|
|
|
How many tie rod ends are there?
|
Four.
|
|
|
What do brakes do?
|
Convert motion into heat.
|
|
|
What are the advantages of disc brakes?
|
Self-adjusting, self-cooling, and throw water out.
|
|
|
What are the jobs of gasoline?
|
Burn cleanly, ignite readily, and resist early detonation.
|
|
|
Why do you want valves to rotate in their seats?
|
It provides a wiping action that eliminates carbon.
|
|
|
What are three circuit protection devices?
|
Fuses, circuit breakers, fusible links.
|
|
|
What is a short?
|
Unintended path to ground.
|
|
|
Why must freon be compressed?
|
To give up heat to outside air, the freon temp must be much higher than outside air.
|
|
|
How do you check pressure in AC system?
|
Hook up a pressure gauge.
|
|
|
What are low and high pressure sides of an AC system?
|
Low pressure is evaporator, high pressure is condensor.
|
|
|
T/F: Anytime there is current flow, there is a magnetic field?
|
True
|
|
|
T/F: Anytime there is relative motion between a conductor and a magnet, it generates potential.
|
True
|
|
|
What are relays good for?
|
Conserves wire, can run heavy wires directly to devices, then use low current wires to control relay switch.
|
|
|
Why is it good to keep heavy wires short?
|
Reduce voltage drops.
|
|
|
What does a transistor do?
|
Act as a switch and amplify current.
|
|
|
What happens if a sparkplug does not fire?
|
Air/Fuel mixture does not ignite, goes out tailpipe and increases emissions.
|
|
|
How do spark plugs wear out?
|
Sharp edges wear down.
|
|
|
What makes a hot or cold plug?
|
Path from electrode to ground.
|
|
|
How many basic lengths of threads are there for sparkplugs?
|
Three.
|
|
|
What are the major parts of an ignition pattern?
|
Firing line, spark line, ring, and dwell.
|
|
|
What is the advantage of integrated coils?
|
No high voltage wires, total control over ignition timing for each cylinder.
|
|
|
Name oscilloscope functions and useful applications.
|
Raster - stacked on top of each other, check for alignments.
Parade - view all cylinders in a row, check amplitude of firing line. Single cylinder - check a single cylinder waveform, check for all expected parts. |
|
|
Why advance timing at higher speeds?
|
Air/Fuel burns at a constant rate, needs more time than available with quick piston motion.
|
|
|
Why advance timing on a light load?
|
Leaner mixture burns slow.
|
|
|
What does the fuel injector do?
|
Make a fine spray pattern of fuel without burning early.
|
|
|
What are the sensors in fuel injection by category?
|
Moving: Crankshaft position, Camshaft position, Throttle position, Mass Air Flow, Vehicle Speed Sensor.
Temperature: Engine coolant temp, air temperature. Pressure: Altitude, barometric, manifold. Other: Knock, Oxygen. |
|
|
What are Fuel Injection sensors used for?
|
How long to squirt injectors, secondary is to control ignition.
|
|
|
What do pressure regulators do?
|
Under load, pressures are increased, keeping injector size constant.
|
|
|
What are the circuits in a carburetor?
|
Float, Idle, Off-Idle, Main, Power, Accelerator pump, Choke.
|
|
|
What does the venturi do?
|
It causes a pressure drop as air speeds up.
|
|
|
What do air bleeds do?
|
Add air to the fuel to premix it.
|
|
|
What does the power circuit do?
|
It supplements the main jet.
|
|
|
What does the accelerator pump do?
|
Adds extra fuel when throttle first operated for immediate power.
|
|
|
How do you adjust a carburetor?
|
Bend linkages as per instructions.
|
|
|
When do you rebuild a carburetor?
|
When the throttle shaft is worn out.
|
|
|
How do you tell the difference between choke and throttle valve in a carb?
|
Throttle is precise, choke is loose.
|
|
|
What can you do with a timing light?
|
Determine TDC, get RPM reading.
|
|
|
How often do you change sparkplugs?
|
Owner's manual.
|
|
|
How often do you change points?
|
10-12k mi.
|
|
|
How often do you change ignition wires?
|
Every four years or so.
|
|
|
What can you do with mechanical stop - converted sparkplug?
|
Verify TDC.
|
|
|
What can you do with a transformer?
|
Increase or decrease voltage.
|
|
|
When does coil produce spark?
|
On disconnect of power to primary.
|
|
|
What does MAP do?
|
Manifold Air Pressure determines load on engine.
|
|
|
What do electrical systems use instead of centrifugal advance?
|
They adjust using crankshaft vehicle speed sensor.
|
|
|
Under what conditions would you switch to hot plugs?
|
Around-town vehicles with dirty plugs, hotter temps will burn off oil but there is a danger of knocking under load.
|
|
|
When does a water pump run?
|
Whenever engine is running.
|
|
|
What are the 2 jobs of the thermostat?
|
Fast warmups to get to closed loop state, and regulate temperature.
|
|
|
What flows through radiators?
|
Air, coolant, ATF.
|
|
|
How do you look at radiator tubes?
|
Look in cap or radiator hose fittings?
|
|
|
Can you solder just a little bit of a radiator?
|
No, you must solder the whole thing.
|
|
|
What are the 2 oil rating organizations?
|
SAE, API
|
|
|
What's in oil?
|
Detergents, antioxidants, antifoaming, extreme pressure additives, anticorrosion, pour point depressants, and viscosity improvers.
|
|
|
What are the jobs of engine oil?
|
Lubricate, clean, cool, seal, anticorrosion, antifoaming.
|
|
|
Cylinder leakage test can determine what locations of faults?
|
Intake, exhaust, block or heads, oil filler tubes.
|
|
|
What does a thermostatic fan on a RWD do?
|
Limits max for speed/rpm, and disengages fan if temperature is low. It also reduces noise.
|
|
|
How much dirt is in engine?
|
1/4 tsp for 10k mi. when using syn oil.
|
|
|
What do you do with fumes getting past piston?
|
PCV draws fumes from engine into intake manifold.
|
|
|
What were the changes made to cars in 1973?
|
Compression ratio, camshafts, combustion chamber shape, piston shape, thermostat temperature, lead-free fuel, catalytic converters.
|
|
|
What does the EGR do?
|
Reintroduces NOx to Air/fuel mixture, diluting it and reducing peak temperatures and pressures to reduce additional NOx from being formed. Only does it when needed.
|
|
|
What are "stoves" on old cars?
|
Bits of sheet metal covering exhaust manifold, meant to heat up intake air for cold starts.
|
|
|
What does a thermostatic air cleaner do?
|
It heats incoming air to the carbuertors.
|
|
|
How does air injection affect performance?
|
Not at all, it occurs after exhaust.
|
|
|
How do fumes vent from the gas tank?
|
They don't, they go into charcoal canister for storage, where they are transmitted under certain conditions back into the A/F mixture slowly.
|
|
|
How many pieces is an oil control ring made of?
|
2 scrapers, 1 expander.
|
|
|
What touches cylinder head?
|
Block, valve cover, intake manifold.
|
|
|
How does a hydraulic valve lifter work?
|
Uses oil pressure to eliminate any play in valve train.
|
|
|
What is highest degree of precision in the engine?
|
Hydraulic valve lifter.
|
|
|
How do you check cooling system pressure on a hot engine?
|
Squeeze the hose.
|
|
|
What is the most common beginner mistake on cooling systems?
|
Overtightening hose clamps.
|
|
|
What can indicate head gasket is blown or head/block is cracked?
|
Low compression on adjacent cylinders.
|
|
|
What information do you need to interpret a dyno test?
|
altitude, barometric pressure, engine temperature, fuel temperature, humidity, oil temperature.
|
|
|
How do you detect resistance?
|
Heat and voltage drops.
|
|
|
What causes NOx byproducts?
|
High pressure + heat.
|
|
|
What are the ways to test a computer?
|
Tap-test with fingers, heating, and cooling.
|
|
|
Does EGR work at idle?
|
No
|
|
|
How do you test gas cap?
|
Pressurize and test tank, if leaky CEL comes on.
|
|
|
How is idle speed increased?
|
Air supplied to intake manifold.
|
|
|
What is bumping engine?
|
Flicking key to move crank position.
|
|
|
When does throwout bearing spin?
|
Whenever foot is on clutch.
|
|
|
What do higher temps do to ATF?
|
Destroy it.
|
|
|
What's most expensive thing in a transmission?
|
Countershaft.
|
|
|
Where is SO4 on a charged battery?
|
In the fluid.
|
|
|
What 2 things happen if battery left unused?
|
Sulfate attaches to plates, and may permanently sulfate there.
|
|
|
What are voltage ranges for charged and discharged batteries?
|
11.9-12.6V.
|
|
|
Cold/hot temps yield what voltages?
|
High / low
|
|
|
How much battery capacity can you lose on a cold day?
|
Up to 60%.
|
|
|
What are charging voltages?
|
15.5 cold, 14.5 hot
|
|
|
What is passing on battery load test?
|
9.6V.
|
|
|
What is wrong with battery at 10V?
|
Dead cell shorted.
|
|
|
What precautions should one take on initial fill of dry battery?
|
Make sure to fill cells evenly.
|
|
|
Who uses a marine battery?
|
Boats, airplanes.
|
|
|
Who uses deep cycle batteries?
|
Motor homes, trailers.
|
|
|
What is the moving part in an alternator?
|
Rotor/field
|
|
|
Where is all power generated in alternator?
|
Stator.
|
|
|
What is the job of the alternator rotor?
|
Create a moving magnetic field.
|
|
|
What does the starter solenoid do?
|
Connects battery to starter motor, and moves pinion into engagement with flywheel.
|
|
|
How many amps does a starter use?
|
Over 100A.
|
|
|
Give parameters for use of starter.
|
Not >15secs, with 5 minute wait between.
|
|
|
When does starter operate?
|
Only when cranking.
|
|
|
How many amps does it take to control the rotor field?
|
3A.
|
|
|
What controls the rotor field?
|
Voltage regulator.
|
|
|
If a cell is filled higher or lower than others with liquid, what happens to it?
|
Higher - constant undercharge, lower - constant overcharge.
|
|
|
What are 4 jobs of battery vent caps?
|
Keep acid in battery, give access for filling with water, vapor recovery, flame arresting.
|
|
|
Name the top power consumers.
|
Starter, A/C heater fan, headlights, brake lights.
|
|
|
What do you get in a tow package?
|
Bigger alternator, starter, extra oil cooler.
|
|
|
How do you ID a good spark?
|
You can see and hear it.
|
|
|
What is a trouble light good for?
|
Fuses, headlights, tailights, NO SENSORS.
|
|
|
What is used to adjust caster and camber?
|
Slots, shims, eccentric bolts, tapered washers.
|
|
|
Why check steering axis inclination first during alignment?
|
Check for bent parts.
|
|
|
What causes tire heat?
|
Excessive speed + load.
|
|
|
How can you tell a front drum brake pad?
|
It's smaller.
|
|
|
What happens if moisture gets in the brake lines?
|
It can boil, and you can lose your brakes.
|
|
|
What is common mistake when bleeding brakes?
|
Forgot to drain fluid from reservoir.
|
|
|
Are some power brakes powered by the power steering pump?
|
Yes.
|
|
|
What can tie rods adjust?
|
Steering wheel centering, toe in/out.
|
|
|
How much can a tire wobble?
|
1/16th in.
|
|
|
What does an A/C system do?
|
Removes heat from passenger compartment and gives it up to outer air.
|
|
|
What does a compressor do?
|
Circulates refrigerant and increases its temperature.
|
|
|
What does the Receiver/Dryer do?
|
Stores liquid and absorbs water.
|
|
|
What does the condensor do?
|
Hot freon gas gives up heat to air and becomes liquid.
|
|
|
What does the evaporator do?
|
Low pressure liquid freon removes heat from air and turns to gas.
|
|
|
What is the job of the ignition coil?
|
Increases voltage.
|
|
|
What are two timing advance systems used in carburetor systems?
|
Vacuum + centrifugal.
|
|
|
How do you check A/C hoses?
|
Feel and check for mushy or hard hoses.
|
|
|
What can go wrong with a water pump?
|
Bearings or leaks.
|
|
|
What type of engine block is most affected by acidic coolant?
|
Aluminum.
|
|
|
What is a resonator?
|
Prevents or tones down objectionable sound/noise.
|
|
|
Why is stainless steel used in exhaust systems?
|
Lasts >100k mi, required by fed govt.
|
|
|
How is exhaust pipe attached?
|
Rubber hangers
|
|
|
Does exhaust get longer when hot?
|
Yes.
|
