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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Neoplasia |
development of abnormal growth |
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cancer |
synonym for neoplasia; development of abnormal growth |
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neoplasm |
tumor; not all cancerous |
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metastasis |
establishment of secondary tumor growth; thru blood or lymph |
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% of men & women at risk of developing cancer |
men: 43 women: 38 |
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breast cancer genetic risk factors |
BRCA 1 & 2 |
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Benign |
grow slowly; well differentiated-similar to tissue of origin; localized; nonfatal; encapsulated |
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Malignant |
grow rapidly; poorly differentiated- very different from others; not localized; death possible |
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anaplasia |
no differentiated cells; complete loss of normal cell function |
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Pleomorphic |
varied size and shape |
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carcinoma In Situ |
not malignant; non-invasive; can go away on own |
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Process of carcinogenesis |
Initiation, Promotion, Progression, Metastasis |
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Initiation |
cells exposed to something causing change |
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promotion |
chemical that promotes cell to continue change |
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Progression |
all cells have changed into cancer cells & continue to promote, may form mass/tumor |
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Metastasis |
break away from primary site; Primary site invasion- cell detachment - dissemination - secondary site attachment - proliferation |
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Cell membrane changes |
breakdown of: cell recognition, adhesion, communication |
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Oncongene |
mutated forms of normal genes; promotes cell proliferation and survival (cheerleaders for cancer) |
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Tumor Supressor genes |
inhibit cell proliferation; cell death or repair; AKA: anti-oncongenes |
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angiogenesis |
growth of new bv; tumor larger than 1 mm in diameter |
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Papillomas |
squamous and basal cells; usually benign; skin tissues, bv, vocal chords |
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adenomas |
glandular; usually benign; pituitary, thyroid, prostate, breast |
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Polyps |
papillomas or adenomas; benign; stem |
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carcinomas |
malignant; invasive; basal cell carcinoma- skin |
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adenocarcinomas |
glandular; malignant; kidney |
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Sarcomas |
muscle-cell; malignant |
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osteoma |
bone; benign |
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glioma |
benign; encapsulated - non invasive |
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glioblastoma, astrocytoma |
malignant |
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lymphomas |
lymph tissue |
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leukemia |
blood-forming cells |
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Imaging |
CAT scans, MRI, ultrasound |
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Biopsy |
very long needle |
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TMN Classification |
T: tumor N: nodes M: metastasis |
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Stage I |
localized- tissue of origin |
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Stage II |
locally advanced - limited to tissue of origin; local spread |
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Stage III |
spread regionally- extensive local and regional spread |
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Stage IV |
spread distantly (metastasized); spread to secondary site |
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Cachexia |
loss of appetite, early satiety, weakness, inability to maintain weight, taste alterations, altered metabolism |
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leukopenia |
low WBC |
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thrombocytopenia |
low platelets |
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alopecia |
hair loss |
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Vascular phase |
mediators from plasma or cells |