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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
HTN may involve the _________ or the __________ circuits.
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pulmonary; systemic
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Systemic HTN is defined as what?
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bp ≥ 140/90
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Systemic HTN is divided into what?
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Primary or secondary types based on etiology
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Usually when patients have HTN, both __________ and _________ are increased. However you can have _________ increases.
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systolic; diastolic bp; isolated
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What is the etiology in primary HTN?
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Unknown
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What makes up most of the cases of HTN, primary or secondary HTN?
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Primary, it is 95% of all cases.
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What risk factors are related to development of hypertension?
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(1) Age (increases w/age)
(2) Race (higher risk in African americans, relatively lower risk in asians) (3) Obesity (4) Stress (5) Lack of physical activity (6) High salt diet |
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Your systemic blood pressure is a function of your ______.
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stroke volume
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What is the most important non-pharmacologic treatment of HTN?
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Weight loss
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Control of hypertension has its greatest benefit in reducing the incidence of __________; however, it also significantly reduces the risk for developing ______and __________.
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strokes; CHD; renal disease
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What determines your stroke volume (SV)?
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(1) Blood volume (equates with sodium homeostasis)
(2) Force of contraction (3) HR |
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Diastolic blood pressure correlates with?
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Tonicity of TPR arterioles.
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High-salt has effect on what type of blood pressure?
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Both systolic and diastolic. Increases blood volume which increases TPR as well.
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A classic cause of secondary HTN involving the kidneys. What would you see on labs anc clinicals?
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Renal artery stenosis.
(1) Increased plasma renin (2) Unilateral atrophy of affected kidney |
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What are some important causes of renal artery stenosis? Match them to age and sex.
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(1) Atherosclerosis (elderly males)
(2) Fibromuscular dysplasia (young females) |
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What is fibromuscular dysplasia?
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Developmental defect of blood vessel wall.
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In benign HTN we have a __________ or ___________ elevation in bp.
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mild; moderate
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Benign HTN presents how?
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Clinically silent; vessels and organs are damaged over time.
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Malignant HTN is a ___________ elevation in bp. (_____/_____ mm Hg)
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severe; 200/120
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How does malignant HTN arise?
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May arise de novo but also may arise from preexisting benign HTN.
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Patients with malignant HTN will present with acute ___________.
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end-organ damage
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Malignant HTN classically presents how?
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(1) Acute renal failure
(2) Headache (3) Papilledema |
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Malignant HTN is a medical ______________.
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emergency
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