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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
________ is considered to be caused by genetic alterations leading to abnormalities in growing cell. Ultimately it is modification or loss of specific ________ which lead to them.
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- neoplasm
- proteins |
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how is pleomorphic adenoma a mass lesion with clinical signs?
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- tumor of parotid gland so you end up with asymmetry due to CN VII palsy
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what does a malignant neoplasm mean? benign?
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- that it has metastatic potential
- benign means there is no potential to metastasize |
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does local recurrence mean metastasis?
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- no
- it does not necessarily mean it is malignant |
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what is the most important factor for determining the prognosis of a tumor?
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- the histologic diagnosis which is made by a surgical pathologist
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uterine leiomyoma: what is it? does it metastasize?
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- benign fibroid
- causes symptoms, can be large, can be multiple - does NOT metastasize |
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malignant melanoma is an example of a primary skin tumor that can _____ widely
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- metastasize
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_____ usually indicates malignant epithelial tumor
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- carcinoma
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what is the differentiation in naming between benign and malignant?
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- benign usually ends in "oma"
- malignant usually ends in sarcoma or carcinoma |
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what is a benign tumor of squamous epithelium? malignant?
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- papilloma
- squamous cell carcinoma |
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what is a benign tumor of glandular epithelium? malignant?
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- adenoma (polyps)
- adenocarcinoma (ulcerated pattern) |
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what is a benign tumor of adipose tissue? malignant?
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- lipoma
- liposarcoma |
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what is a benign tumor of smooth muscle tissue? malignant?
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- leiomyoma
- leiomyosarcoma |
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what is a benign tumor of skeletal muscle tissue? malignant?
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- rhabdomyoma
- rhabdomyosarcoma |
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what is a benign tumor of vessels? malignant?
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- angioma
- angiosarcoma |
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what is a benign tumor of bone tissue? malignant?
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- osteoma
- osteosarcoma |
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what is a benign tumor of mixed epithelial/mesenchymal tissue? malignant?
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- pelomorphic adenoma
- carcinosarcoma |
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lymphoma: what is it? what are two types? is it malignant?
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- lymphoma is malignant by definition, cancer of hematopoeitic, arises in tissue (lymph nodes?)
- hodgkin's & non-hodgkins - pre-malignant lymphoid = "lymphoproliferative disorder" |
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leukemia: what is it? what are two types? is it malignant?
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- malignant by definition - arises in bone marrow, blood
- acute & chronic - pre-malignant entities = myelodysplastic syndrome - |
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lymphoproliferative disorder & myelodysplastic syndrome
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- lymphoproliferative disorder: precursor to lymphoma
- myelodysplastic syndrome: precursor to leukemia |
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teratoma
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- neoplasm composed of cell types derived from more than one germ layer
- can be benign or malignant |
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hamartoma
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- benign, often neoplastic proliferation of normal but disorganized tissues indigenous to particular site or origin
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heterotopia
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- ectopic rest of normal tissue
- most likely NOT neoplastic |
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what are some factors related to increased incidence of certain cancers?
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- increased life span
- more sensitive & accurate tests - true increase in some types of cancers - variations in susceptibility |
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what does the graph for hereditary vs non-hereditary tumors look like?
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- hereditary is more linear
- less linear more of lag for non-hereditary b/c these are uncommon before the middle age |
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what are some features of hereditary neoplasms?
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- earlier age at diagnosis
- multiple tumors - bilateral - syndromes with mendelian inheritance |
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development of cancer at a younger age implies a stronger association with what?
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- inherited susceptibility
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