Patho 2 - Neurologic Diseases And Conditions - Chapter 13

Front 1

Aphasia

Back 1

inability to use or understand language (spoken or written) because of a brain lesion

Front 2

Aura

Back 2

a sensation or phenomenon that signals the onset of an epileptic seizure or a migrane

Front 3

autonomic

Back 3

sympathetic and parasympathetic, Involuntary movement part of nervous system

Front 4

Cephalalgia

Back 4

pain in the head; headache

Front 5

chorea

Back 5

involuntary, spasmodic movements of the limbs and face

Front 6

concussion

Back 6

a violent shaking of the brain that may result in a temporary loss of awareness and function

Front 7

contusion

Back 7

A bruise from an injury that causes bleeding beneath the skin without breaking the skin. Broken CAPILLARIES

Front 8

contrecoup

Back 8

brain injury where the brain hit the inside of the skull on the opposite side of the impact

Front 9

craniotomy

Back 9

a surgical opening through the skull-- relieve pressure, remove lesion, control bleeding.

Front 10

Demyelination

Back 10

loss of the myelin covering of some nerve fibers resulting in their impaired function (Multiple sclerosis)

Front 11

diplopia

Back 11

double vision

Front 12

epidural

Back 12

an anesthetic injected into the epidural space (on or around the dura mater) -- loss of sensation below the waist

Front 13

fasciculation

Back 13

involuntary twitch of muscle fibers

Front 14

hematoma

Back 14

localized collection of blood under the skin/ on brain tissue

Front 15

hemiparesis

Back 15

slight paralysis or weakness on one side of the body

Front 16

hemiplegia

Back 16

full paralysis of one side of the body

Front 17

neurotransmitter

Back 17

chemical used by a neuron to transmit an impulse across a synapse to another cell

Front 18

paraplegia

Back 18

paralysis of the lower half of the body (most often as a result of trauma)

Front 19

parasympathetic

Back 19

part of ANS that automatically calms us down when the reason for arousal has passed-- releases ACH (rest and digesta)

Front 20

paresis

Back 20

slight paralysis-- muscular weakness caused by nerve damage

Front 21

quadriplegia

Back 21

paralysis of all four limbs

Front 22

Nervous System

Back 22

the body's speedy, electrochemical communication system-- contains all nerve cells of the peripheral & central nervous systems

Front 23

Central Nervous System

Back 23

Brain, Spinal Cord-- process and store sensory and motor info

Front 24

Peripheral Nervous System

Back 24

the sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body (muscles and organs to function)

Front 25

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA/Stroke)

Back 25

damage to the brain caused by an interruption of blood supply to a region of the brain CAUSES: Thrombosis (clot in brain), Embolism (Moving clot goes to brain), Aneurism (Artery gets weak, and fills like a balloon, may erupt)TX: needed within 3 hours

Front 26

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

Back 26

Minor stroke; where neurological function is regained quickly with time; shorter duration than CVA, lack of permanent damage

Front 27

Epidural Hematoma

Back 27

collection of blood that forms between dura mater and skull

Front 28

Subdural Hematoma

Back 28

collection of blood between dura mater and arachnoid membrane (worser of the two)

Front 29

Coup

Back 29

initial impact (due to acceleration)

Front 30

Dural Hematoma

Back 30

above the arachnoid

Front 31

cerebral concussion

Back 31

temporary brain dysfunction after injury; possible bruising

Front 32

cerebral contusion

Back 32

bruising of brain tissue as a result of direct trauma to the head

Front 33

paraplegia

Back 33

paralysis to lower extremities-- Thoracic and lumbar (T1& below)

Front 34

quadriplegia

Back 34

paralysis to upper and lower extremeties-- cervical (C5& up)

Front 35

Paresis of shoulders and arms

Back 35

injuries on cervical spine C5& C7

Front 36

Fatal spinal injury

Back 36

on cervical spine-- above C3--hyper extension or flexion

Front 37

ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease)

Back 37

motor neurons in anterior horn and frontal cortex of brain degenerate progressively----fasciculation

Front 38

TIA: Transient Ischemic Attack

Back 38

Minor stroke <24 hrs of neurological dysfuntion--inadequate blood flow to part of brain-- no residual effects (temporary w/ full recovery)

Front 39

Huntington

Back 39

HEREDITARY degenerative cerebral cortex & basal ganglia--Chorea of face and arms-- management, educate, maintain

Front 40

Parkinson

Back 40

syndrome/disorder-- degeneration of of motor nerves in brain stem-->lack of dopamine from midbrain-- slumped, tremors, aging process, gait, slow movement