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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What two conditions refer to a malformation of the penis and urethra and may cause a constricted opening?
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hypospadias and epispadias
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Undescended testes are also known as _________?
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cryptorchidism
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True or false: cryptorchidism can increase the risk of testicular cancer.
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true
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At what age do most cases of testicular torsion
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adolescence
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Twisting of the spermatic cord can lead to _________.
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testicular ischemia
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True or false: Testicular torsion does not need to be treated immediately.
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false
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What is the most common cause of epididymitis in young adult men? What about in middle-aged to older men?
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STD organisms, typical agents of urinary tract infections
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What two diseases are associated with infectious granulomatous orchitis?
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tuberculosis, leprosy
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Idiopathic granulomatous orchitis can mimic what other testicular problem.
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testicular cancer
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What causes acute prostatitis?
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infection by typical agents of urinary tract infections
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What procedures may increase a man's risk of getting acute prostatitis?
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catheterization, cystoscopy
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What are symptoms of chronic prostatitis?
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low back pain, perineal/suprapubic discomfort, dysuria, and recurrent urinary tract infections
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Why is chronic prostatitis difficult to treat?
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most antibiotics penetrate the prostate poorly
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What three things can cause granulomatous prostatitis?
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tuberulosis, fungi, and treatment of bladder cancer with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin
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What does BPH stand for? What can contribute to its development?
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benign prostatic hyperplasia, androgens
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What are some symptoms of BPH?
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urinary frequency, nocturia, difficulty initiating and stopping urine flow, dysuria, and cystitis/pyelonephritis
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What are the two treatments for BPH?
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medication and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
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True or false: Since penile cancer is a carinoma in situ, it does not metastasize.
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true
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What three things are associated with penile cancer?
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HPV, smoking, and poor hygiene
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During what age range is the peak incidence of germ cell testicular cancer?
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15-34
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Which type of germ cell testicular cancer has a better prognosis: seminoma or non-seminoma?
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seminoma (very sensitive to radiation)
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What do germ cell tumors do that can be useful in diagnosis?
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secrete hormones or enzymes
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What is the most common cancer in the testes of men over 60?
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testicular lymphoma (technically a systemic malignancy that sometimes involves the testis)
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True or false: Prostate carcinoma is quite rare.
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false
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What four things are part of the clinical presentation of testicular cancer?
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nodule on digital rectal exam, elevated serum Prostate Specific Antigen, occasionally urinary symptoms, and symptoms of metastasis
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Besides prostate cancer, what other two conditions can cause elevated levels of PSA?
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BPH or prostatitis
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What things influence the probability of prostate cancer?
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age, race, diet, androgens, and genetics
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What two things help determine the prognosis of prostate cancer?
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Stage and Grade
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What are common metastatic sites for prostate cancer?
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bones, lungs, liver and brain
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Hormonal therapy and chemotherapy are considered ________ treatment when it comes to prostate cancer.
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palliative
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