Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
True or false: Acute hepatitis has many causes.
|
true
|
|
Acute hepatitis that has influenza-like and digestive tract symptoms but no jaundice is known as _______ hepatitis.
|
anicteric
|
|
________ hepatitis is preceded by days to weeks of symptoms like malaise, nausea, and decreased appetite.
|
icteric
|
|
___________ hepatitis refers to prolonged jaundice and pruritus.
|
cholestatic
|
|
What other conditions can acute viral hepatitis cause?
|
Guillain-Barre Syndrome, glomerulonephritis, and cryoglobulinemia
|
|
What is the most accurate indicator of the outcome of a case of acute liver failure?
|
prolonged prothrombin time
|
|
Chronic hepatitis has inflammation lasting more than ____ months.
|
6
|
|
When it comes to causes of chronic hepatitis, what do A, B, C, and D each stand for?
|
A. autoimmune, alcohol
B. HBV C. HCV D. HDV, drugs |
|
Wilson's disease is an overload of which element?
|
copper
|
|
What differentiates cirrhosis from hepatitis?
|
cirrhosis is an irreversible change
|
|
What causes cirrhosis?
|
scar tissue formed from the death of inflamed tissue
|
|
Elevation of what substances can be used in diagnosing cirrhosis?
|
AST, ALT (aminotransferases)
|
|
Enlarged veins in the esophagus known as _________ are a source of life threatening blood loss.
|
varices
|
|
Fatty liver is caused by excessive consumption of _________.
|
alcohol
|
|
What symptoms may indicate alcoholic hepatitis?
|
abdominal pain, fever, and jaundice
|
|
What is involved in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease?
|
abstention (from alcohol), nutrition, and transplantation
|
|
True or false: Non alcoholic fatty liver is clearly distinguishable histologically from alcoholic fatty liver.
|
false
|
|
NAFLD/NASH is commonly seen in the context of the ____________.
|
metabolic syndrome
|
|
The presence of three or more of what criteria define the metabolic syndrome?
|
1. waist circumference (>102 cm in men, >88 cm in women)
2. BP > 130/85 mmHg 3. S-glucose > 110 mg/dl 4. S-Triglycerides > 150 mg/dl 5. HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dl (men) and 50 mg/dl (women) |
|
The metabolic syndrome predicts a great risk for ___________.
|
atherosclerosis
|
|
_________ resistance plays a central role in the pathogenesis of fatty liver in NFLD and NASH.
|
insulin
|
|
List the steps 6 steps in the mechanism of NAFLD/NASH.
|
1. Insulin resistance
2. Hepatic steatosis 3. oxidative stress 4. lipid peroxidation 5. NASH 6. Cirrhosis |
|
True or false: Hepatotropic viruses can infect other organs besides the liver.
|
true
|
|
Which type of viral hepatitis would you most likely get from contaminated shellfish?
|
Hepatitis A
|
|
True or false: Hepatitis A usually progresses to chronic Hepatitis.
|
false
|
|
Hepatitis A is transmitted person to person by the _____-______ route.
|
fecal-oral
|
|
Which type of viral hepatitis is caused by a double stranded DNA virus?
|
Hepatitis B
|
|
The high rates of Hepatitis B seen in other parts of the world are sustained by transmission from ________ to __________.
|
mothers, newborns
|
|
In long standing cases of Hepatitis B, there is an increased risk of __________.
|
hepatocellular cancer
|
|
What three bodily fluids are are infections HBV found in?
|
blood, saliva, and semen
|
|
Hepatitis B can follow four courses. Which two did we discuss in class?
|
1. Acute, self-limited hepatitis B
2. Fulminant Hepatitis B |
|
In Hepatitis B, what is the first marker seen in the blood that indicates infection?
|
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)
|
|
What can be used prophylactically to prevent Hep B infection within a few hours of exposure?
|
Hepatitis B immunoglobulin
|
|
True or false: It is fairly common to get vaccinated for Hep B.
|
true
|
|
Hepatitis D is associated exclusively with what other infection?
|
Hepatitis B
|
|
When HBV and HDV occur simultaneously, this is called a __________.
|
co-infection
|
|
What is particularly bad about a HDV/HBV superinfection?
|
it causes worsening of hepatitis and may lead to a fulminant case
|
|
Which Hepatitis type is the most common reason for liver transplant in the US.
|
HCV
|
|
50% of people with HCV have no _________________.
|
identifiable risk factors
|
|
How is Hepatitis E transmitted?
|
sewage contaminated water
|
|
Hepatitis E is usually benign except in which situation?
|
women in their third trimester of pregnancy
|
|
Cholelithiasis is a fancypants word for what?
|
gallstones
|
|
3 out of 4 cases of choleithiasis are due to _____________.
|
cholesterol stones
|
|
What are the risk factors for cholesterol stones?
|
"female, 40, fat, or fertile"
|
|
Acute cholecystitis causes severe pain where?
|
upper right quadrant with radiation to the lower angle of the shoulder blade
|
|
True or false: Chronic cholecystitis is very easy to diagnose.
|
false
|
|
Which type of cholecystitis typically requires immediate removal of the gallbladder?
|
acute
|
|
In choledocholithiasis, where are the stones found?
|
the common bile duct
|
|
Free gallstones that become impacted at the opening of the bile duct into the duodenum can lead to life-threatening ___________.
|
ascending cholangitis
|
|
What is the primary problem in hereditary hemochromatosis?
|
too much iron absorbed from the gut
|
|
What can hereditary hemochromatosis cause?
|
cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and skin bronzing
|
|
What is the treatment for hereditary hemochromatosis?
|
regular phlebotomy
|
|
Kayser Fleischer rings are found in the ______ and indicate _______ Disease.
|
eyes, Wilson's
|