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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
_____ are unicellular, non-fungal eukaryotes.
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Protozoa
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_____ is the motile form of a protozoa. (suffix)
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-zoite.
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_____ is the resting transmissible form of a protozoa. (suffix)
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-cyst
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_____ is the reproductive form of a protozoa. (suffix)
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-ont
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Protozoa can reproduce in two forms: ____ and ____.
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Asexual and sexual
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What are the three types of asexual reproduction of protozoa?
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1. Budding (small daughter cell separates from mother cell)
2. Binary fission (each individual divides in two - [longitudinal (flagellates)] & [transverse (ciliates)) 3. Multiple fission (repeated nuclear division of daughter cells before cytokinesis [before becoming gametocytes]) |
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What are the two types of sexual reproduction of protozoa?
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1. Conjugation (two ciliates join & exchange nuclear material - nuclei unite)
2. Syngamy (male & female gametes fuse & form zygote) |
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Name three characteristics of ameobae.
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1. Pseudopodia
2. Binary fission 3. +/- cysts 4. Most free-living 5. Some commensalism or parasitism |
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Entamobae - name three of the four species discussed.
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1. Entamoeba histolytica
2. Entamoeba hartmanni - nonpathogenic 3. Entamoeba coli - nonpathogenic 4. Entamoeba invadens - reptiles |
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Name the three pathogenic free-living amoebae.
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1. Acanthomoeba
2. Balamuthia - Balamuthia mandrillaris 3. Naegleria - [not really an amoeba] - Naegleria fowleri |
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Name the four species of trichomonads discussed.
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• Tritrichomonas foetus
• Trichomonas gallinae • Trichomonas vaginalis • Tetratrichomonas gallinarum |
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What are the four types of mucosoflagellates discussed?
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Trichomonads
Histomonads Giardia Hexamita |
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What species of histomonads was discussed (one)?
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Histomonas meleagridis
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What is the one species of hexamita that was discussed in class?
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Hexamita meleagrdis
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What are the two types of hemoflagellates discussed in class?
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1. Trypanosomes
2. Leishmanias |
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There are six species of trypanosomes that were discussed in class. Name four of them.
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1. Typanosome cruzi
2. Typanosome brucei 3. Trypanosome congolese 4. Trypanosome vivax 5. Trypanosome evansi 6. Trypanosome equiperdum |
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There are three types of Trypanosome brucei that were discussed in class. They all cause sleeping sickness. Name two of the three.
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T. b. gambiense
T. b. rhodesiense T. b. brucei |
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Leishmanias are classified according to where they attack in the body. Name these three locations/classifications.
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1. Cutaneous
2. Visceral 3. Mucocutaneous |
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Name two of the three cutaneous Leishmanias.
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1. L. tropica
2. L. major 3. L. mexicana |
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Name the two visceral Leishmanias.
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1. L. donovani
2. L. infantum |
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Name the one mucocutaneous Leishmanias.
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1. L. braziliensis
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What are the two pathogenic species of bovine coccidia?
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Eimeria bovis
Eimeria zuemii |
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________ is the key to controlling coccidiosis.
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Prevention
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Coccidia oocytes are spread by ____________. The severity of the disease is related to the ____ of oocytes ingested.
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Fecal contamination
Number |
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What phylum does coccidia belong to?
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Apicomplexa
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Coccidia have no locomotory organelles, except for flagellated _________.
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Microgametes
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In what form of coccidia is an apical complex observed (zoite, ont, or cyst)?
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-zoite
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The "zoite" stage of coccidia is shaped like a ________ and is motile and active. It occurs in four different forms. Name two of them.
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Banana
1. Merozoite 2. Sporozoite 3. Tachyzoite 4. Bradyzoite |
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The "____" stage of coccidia is usually non-motile.
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-ont
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_________ are structures with products of gamete formation. Gamete formation is called ________.
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Gametocytes
Gametogony |
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Coccidia infects one host. What is the term used to describe a parasite with one host?
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Monoxenous
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What are the two major genera for coccidia?
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1. Eimeria
2. Cystoisospora |
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What are the three stages of the coccidia life cycle?
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1. Schizogony (merogony) ---> within host
2. Gametogony ---> within host 3. Sporogony ---> outside host |
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Which species of ameoba caused amebia dysentery?
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Entamoeba histolytica
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Entamoeba histolytica has two forms, the _____ and the cyst.
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Trophozoite
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The cyst form of Entamoeba histolytica has how many nuclei? (This distinguishes it from all other amoeba)
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Four
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Entamoeba histolytica multiplies by ________.
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Binary fission
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Entamoeba histolytica has how many hosts? It starts in the large _____ of one host, and can exit as ____ (cyst/trophozoite) through the feces, or it can enter the blood stream and end up as abscess in the _____ and the _____ (two organs). The second host acquires it through _____ of feces.
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Two
Intestine Cyst Liver & Lungs Ingestion |
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Entameoba histolytica invades the mucosa of the ______ intestine in humans (frequently occurs in humans & primates). Disease potential is related to the ____ of the parasite.
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Large
Strain |
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Name three (of the four) complications of Entamoeba histolytica [as discussed in class].
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1. Amebic granulomata (ameboma) in wall of large intestine
2. Abscesses in liver, lungs, or brain 3. Ulcerations of skin (usually perianal area) 4. Potential death or severe disability |
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How do you diagnose Entamoeba histolytica?
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Examine feces for cysts or trophozoites in fresh or preserved specimens. Must differentiate from nonpathogenic amoebae that are naturally found in humans & primates (large intestine).
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What drug do you use to treat Entamoeba histolytica?
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Metronidazole
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What are the two species of non-pathogenic amoeba (discussed in class)? How many nuclei do each have?
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1. Entamoeba hartmanni
- 4 nuclei 2. Entamoeba coli - 8 nuclei |
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Which species of amoeba is a causative agent of amebiasis in reptiles?
What lesions does this cause in reptiles? |
Entamoeba invadens
Duodenal & hepatic lesions |
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What are three groups of pathogenic free-living amebae?
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1. Acanthamoeba
2. Balamuthia 3. Naegleria |
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How many life stages do Acanthamoeba and Balamuthia have?
What about Naegleria? What are these stages? |
A & B - 2
- - cyst & trophozoite N - 3 - - cyst, trophozoite, & flagellate |
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Which free-living amoeba is known for entering the body via contact lenses?
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Acanthamoeba
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What clinical signs does Acanthamoeba cause (hint: one skin lesion, one respiratory lesion, one nervous lesion)?
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1. Granulomatous skin lesions
2. Lung lesions 3. GAE (granulomatous amebic encepitis) [migrates to CNS --> onset of symptoms --> coma & death [cysts and trophozoites found at autopsy] |
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Which species of amoebae causes BAE?
What is the pathogenesis of BAE? |
Balamuthia mandrillaris
[Balamuthia Amebia Encephalitis] Resp tract or skin --> neurological symptoms --> death |
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Which of the three pathogenic free-living amoeba that were discussed in class is NOT really an amoeba?
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Naegleria fowleri
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Which pathogenic free-living amoeba causes PAM? Which species does it affect? What is the pathogenesis?
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Naegleria fowleri
[Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis] Humans, dogs, sheep Trophozoites enter nose --> olfactory nerves --> brain --> death |