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122 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
6 Rights of Drug Administration
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1. Right Person
2. Right Drug 3. Right Dose 4. Right Time 5. Right Route 6. Right Documentation |
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Standard Precaustions
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Measures to decrease your risk of exposure to blood and body fluids
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Asepsis
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A condition free of pathogens
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Local
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Limited to one area of the body
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Sterile
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Free of all forms of life
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Medically Clean
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Careful handling to prevent contamination
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Disenfectant
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Cleansing agent that is toxic to living tissue
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Antiseptic
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Cleansing agent that is not toxic to living tissue
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Sharps container
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Rigid, puncture-resistant container clearly marked as a biohazard
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Topical medications
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Material applied to and absorbed through the skin or mucous membranes
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Routes of Drug Administration
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1. Percutaneous
2. Pulmonary 3. Enteral 4. Parenteral |
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Transdermal
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Absorbed through the skin
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Percutaneous Routes
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1. Transdermal
2. Mucous membrane |
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Mucous membrane medication sites
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1. Tounge
2. Cheek 3. Eye 4. Nose 5. Ear |
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Sublingual
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Beneath the tounge
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Buccal
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Between the cheek and gums
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Ocular medication
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Drug administrated through the mucous membranes of the eye
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Nasal Medication
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Drug administered through the mucous membranes of the nose
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Medication atomization device (MAD)
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Device that produces a fine aerosol mist that permits wide and even distribution of a medication across the nasal mucosa
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Aural medication
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Drug administered throug hthe mucous membranes of the ear and ear canal
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Inhalation
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Drawing of medication into the lungs along with air during breathing
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Injection
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Placement of medicaiton in or under the skin with a needle and syringe
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Nebulizer
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Inhalation aid that disperses liquid into aerosol spray or mist
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Metered dose Inhaler
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Handheld device that produces a medicated spray for inhalation
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Endotracheal Medications
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1. Lidocaine
2. Vasopressin 3. Epinephrine 4. Atropine 5. Naloxone |
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Enteral
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Through the gastrointestinal tract
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Enteral Routes (Meds)
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1. Oral
2. Gastric tube 3. Rectal |
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Hepatic alteration
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Change in a medication's chemical composition that occurs in the liver
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Suppository
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Medication packaged in a soft, pliable form for insertion into the rectum
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Enema
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A liquid bolus of medication that is injected into the rectum
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Bolus
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Concentrated mass of medication
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Parenteral
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Outside of the gastrointestinal tract
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Syringe
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Plastic tube with which liquid medications can be drawn up, stored and injected
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Hypodermic needle
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Hollow metal tube used with the syringe to administer medications
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Gauge
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The size of the needle's diameter
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Ampule
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Breakable glass vessel containing liquid medication
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Vial
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Plastic or glass container with a self-sealing rubber top
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Nonconstitued drug vial/Mix-O-Vial
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Vial with two containers, one holding a powdered medication and the other holding a liquid mixing solution
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Prefilled/Preloaded syringe
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Syring packaged in a tamper-proof container with the medication already in the barrel
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Medicated solution
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Parenteral medication packaged in an IV bag and administered as an IV infusion
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Infusion
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Liquid medication delivered through a vein
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Intradermal
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Within the dermal layer of the skin
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Subcutaneous
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The layer of loose connective tissue between the skin or muscle
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Intramuscular
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Within the muscle
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Intramuscular Injection Sites
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1. Deltoid
2. Dorsal gluteal 3. Vastus lateralis 4. Rectus femoris |
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Intravenous (IV) access (Cannulation)
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Surgical puncture of a vein to deliver medication or withdraw blood.
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Peripheral venous access
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Surgical puncture of a vein in the arm, leg, or neck
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Central venous access
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Surgical puncture of the internal jugular, subclavian, or femoral vein
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Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)
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Line threaded into the central circulation via a peripheral site
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Intravenous fluid
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Chemically prepared solution tailored to the body's specific needs
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Colloid
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Intravenous solutions containing large proteins that cannot pass through capillary membranes
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Cyrstalloid
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Intravenous solutions that contain electrolytes but lack the larger proteins associated with colloids
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Isotonic
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State in which solutions on opposite sides of a semipermeable membrane are in equal concentration
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Hypertonic
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State in which a solution has a higher solute concentration on one side of a semipermeable membrane than on the other side
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Crystalloid Classes
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1. Isotonic
2. Hypertonic 3. Hypotonic |
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Administration Tubing
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Flexible, clear plastic tubing that connects the solution bag to the IV cannula
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Cannula
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Hollow needle used to puncture a vein
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Microdrip administration tubing
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Administration tubing that delivers a relatively small amount of fluid
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Macrodrip administration tubing
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Administration tubing that delivers a relatively large amount of fluid.
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Spike
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Shar-pointed device inserted into the IV solution bag's administration set port
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Drip chamber
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Clear plastic chamber that allows visualization of the drip rate
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Drip rate
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Pace at which the fluid moves from the bag into the patient
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Drop former
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Device that regulates the size of drops
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Medication injection port
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Self-sealing membrane into which a hypodermic needle is inserted for drug administration
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Needle adapter
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Rigid plastic device specifically constructed to fit into the hub of an intravenous cannula
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Extension tubing
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IV tubing used to extend a macrodrip or microdrip setup
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Measured volume administration set
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IV setup that delivers specific volumes of fluid
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Burette chamber
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Calibrated chamber of Berutrol IV administration tubing that enables precise measurement and delivery of fluids and medicated solutions
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Blood tubing
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Administration tubing that contains a filter to prevent clots or other debris from entering the patient
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Over-the-needle catheter/angiocatheter
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Semiflexible catheter enclosing a sharp metal stylet
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Hollow-needle catheter
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Stylet that does not have a Teflon tube but is inself inserted into the vein and secured their
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Catheter inserted through the needle/Intracatheter
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Teflon catheter inserted through a large metal stylet
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Venous constricting band
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Flat rubber band used to impede venous return and make veins easier to use
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Extravasation
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Leakage of fluid or medication from the blood vessel that is commonly found with infiltration
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Pyrogen
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Foreign protein capable of producting fever
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Embolus
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Foreign particle in the blood
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Circulatory overload
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An excess in intravascular fluid volume
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Thrombophlebitis
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Inflammation of the vein
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Thrombus
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Blood clot
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Air embolism
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Air in the vein
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Necrosis
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The sloughing off of dead tissue
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Anticoagulant
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Drug that inhibits blood clotting
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Saline lock
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Peripheral IV cannula with a distal medication port used for intermittent fluid or medication infusions. Saline is injected into the device to maintain its patency
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Heparin lock
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Peripheral IV cannula with a distal midication port used for intermittent fluid or medication infusions. Flushes of heparin solution ,which inhibit blood coagulation, are used to maintain patency of the device
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Venous access device
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Surgically implanted port that permits repeated access to central venous circulation
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Huber needle
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Needle that has an opening on the side of the shaft instead of the tip
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Infusion controller
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Gravity-flow device that regulates fluid's passage through an electromechanical pump
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Extravascular
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Outside the vein
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Infusion pump
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Device that delivers fluids and medications under positive pressure
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Blood tube
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Glass container with color-coded self-sealing rubber top
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Hollow-needle catheter
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Stylet that does not have a Teflon tube but is inself inserted into the vein and secured their
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Catheter inserted through the needle/Intracatheter
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Teflon catheter inserted through a large metal stylet
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Venous constricting band
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Flat rubber band used to impede venous return and make veins easier to use
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Extravasation
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Leakage of fluid or medication from the blood vessel that is commonly found with infiltration
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Pyrogen
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Foreign protein capable of producting fever
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Embolus
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Foreign particle in the blood
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Circulatory overload
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An excess in intravascular fluid volume
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Thrombophlebitis
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Inflammation of the vein
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Thrombus
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Blood clot
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Air embolism
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Air in the vein
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Vacutainer
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Device that holds blood tubes
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Multidraw needle
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Long, exposed needle that screws into the vacutainer and is instered directly into the vein
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Blood tube (Red top)
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Blood tube anticoagulant - None
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Blood tube (Blue top)
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Blood tube anticoagulant - Citrate
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Blood tube (Green top)
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Blood tube anticoagulant - Heparin
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Blood tube (Purple top)
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Blood tube anticoagulant - EDTA
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Blood tube (Gray top)
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Blood tube anticoagulant - Fluoride
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Hemoconcentration
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Elevated numbers of red and white blood cells
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Hemolysis
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The destruction of red blood cells
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Intraosseous
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Within the bone
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Trocar
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A sharp, pointed instrument
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Book conversion of pounds to kilograms
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Kilograms = pounds/2.2
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Field conversion of pounds to kilograms
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Kilograms = pounds/2 - 10%
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Unit
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Predetermined amount of medication or fluid
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Stock solution
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Standard concentration of routinely used medications
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Desire dose
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Specific quantity of medication needed
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Concentration
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Weight per volume
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Dosage on hand
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The amount of drug available in solution
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Volume on hand
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The available amount of solution containing a medication
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Volume to be administered
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Volume on hand (times) desired dose (divided by) Dosage on hand
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Infusion rate calculation
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Volume on hand X Drip factor X desired dose (divided by) dosage on hand
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Fluid volume over time calculation
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Drops per min = Volume to be administered or drip factor (divided by) time in minutes
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