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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sole supplier of blood to the heart
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Coronary Arteries
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Blood flow through the heart
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systemic bloodflow, R atrium, tricuspid valve, r ventricle, pulmonic valve, pulmonary arteries, lungs, GAS EXCHANGE TAKES PLACE, pulmonary veins, L atrium, Mitral valve (bicuspid), L ventricle, aortic vavle, aorta, Body recieves oxygenated blood
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systole
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contraction
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diastole
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relaxation
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Stroke volume
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amount of blood ejected from the heart with each ventricular contraction
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preload
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volume of blood returning to the heart
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afterload
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resistance agagints the heart muscle must pump
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Starlings Law
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myocardial fibers contract more forcefully when they are stretched.
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Cardiac Output
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the amount of blood pumped by the ventricles per MIN.
stroke volume X Heart rate |
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Vagus Nerve
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parasympathetic control of the heart
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Acetylcholine
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chemical mediator of the parasympathetic nervous system - decreases HR
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Postganglionic fibers
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relsease the chemical norepinepherine (increases HR, and increases force of muscle contraction)
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adrenal medulla
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secretes the hormones epi and norepi
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Calcium
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ion required for for cardiac muscle contraction to occur
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Cardiac Action Potential phases
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0-4
0- rapid depolarization phase.fast sodium channels open momentarily. 1- early rapid repolarization phase.- potassium continues to be lost, returns the cell membrane to its resting permeablilty state 2- plateau phase- calcium enters the myocardial cells 3- terminal phase of rapid repolarization. - inside of cell becoming negative, repolarization is completed by end of this phase 4- period between action patential. - excess sodium is transported out of cell and potassium transported back in |
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Pacemaker cells
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generate electrical impulses spontaneosly (automaticity)
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Inerent rate of SA node
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60-100 BPM
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Inherent rate of AV node
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40-60 BPM
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inherent rate of Ventricles
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20-40 BPM
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Conduction of the heart
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SA node- internodal bundles- AV node - Bundle of HIS- L and R bundle Branches- Purkinje fibers
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Most common mechanism in producing ectopic beats
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Reentry
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Lead 1
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L arm= positive
R arm = negative |
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Lead 2
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Left leg = postive
R arm= negative |
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Lead 3
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L leg = postivie
L arm = negative |
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P wave
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atrial depolarization
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QRS complex
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depolarization of ventricals
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T wave
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repolarization of ventricles
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Sinus Bradycardia
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LESS THAN 60 BPM
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Sinus Tacy
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GREATER THAN 100 BPM
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Sinus Dysrythmia
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Irregular rhythm
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Sinus Arrest
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short periods of cardiac stand still
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Wandering Pacemaker
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P waves change in morphology from beat to beat, Irregular rhythm
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Premature Atrial Complex
PAC |
P wave comes early, can be hidden in preceding T wave
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SVT
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Rate 150-250
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Atrial Flutter
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Sawtooth of picket fence pattern
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Atrial Fib
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irregularly irregular
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Premature Junctional Contraction
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P waves- may be associated with PJC, can be before durring or after QRS,
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Junctional Escape rhythms
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Rate 40-60 BPM,
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Accelerated junctional rhythm
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60-99 BPM
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Ventricular Escape rhythm
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20-40 BPM
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Premature ventricular complex
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wide and bizarre QRS complex
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1st degree AV block
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PRI longer than .2 sec)
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2nd degree AV block type 1
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PRI progressivly lengthens
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3rd degree AV block
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p waves- present but no relation to QRS
PRI: no relation exists between atrial and vent activity |