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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Generalised osteoporosis is characterized by:
- deficiency of bone mass - increase of T-score in densitometry - structural disorder of bones - increased formation of osteoid |
Generalised osteoporosis is characterized by:
- deficiency of bone mass+ - structural disorder of bones+ |
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In osteoporosis we find:
- elevation of Ca level in blood - decreased Ca level in blood - inhibition of osteoblastic activity - increased fragility of bones |
In osteoporosis we find:
- inhibition of osteoblastic activity+ - increased fragility of bones+ |
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Normal bone in adultes:
- containes about 90% of mineral salts - containes about 30% of organic matter - is able to remodel after displaced fracture - is not able to remodelate after displaced fracture |
Normal bone in adultes:
- containes about 30% of organic matter+ - is not able to remodel after displaced fracture+ |
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Osteoclasts:
- stimulate calcification of bone - stimulate production of osteoid - stimulate resorption of bone - proliferate in hyperparathyreoidism |
Osteoclasts:
- stimulate resorption of bone+ - proliferate in hyperparathyreoidism+ |
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Total bone mass is increasing by:
- stimulation of osteoblastic activity - stimulation of osteoclastic activity - inhibition of osteoblastic activity - inhibition of osteoclastic activity |
Total bone mass is increasing by:
- stimulation of osteoblastic activity+ - inhibition of osteoclastic activity+ |
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Estrogens:
- enhance calcification of bone - induce osteolysis - inhibit osteoblastic activity - increase density of bone |
Estrogens:
- enhance calcification of bone+ - increase density of bone+ |
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Localised osteoporosis can be considered:
- periarticular porosis in rheumatoid arthritis - involutional osteoporosis in seniors - postmenopausal osteoporosis - Sudeck´s dystrophy |
Localised osteoporosis can be considered:
- periarticular porosis in rheumatoid arthritis+ - Sudeck´s dystrophy+ |
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Bone densitometry:
- is a qualitative method of osteoporosis evaluation - determines the degree of osteoporosis by means of a T-score - measures absorption of X-rays in bone - determines the degree of osteoporosis by means of the cortical index |
Bone densitometry:
- determines the degree of osteoporosis by means of a T-score+ - measures absorption of X-rays in bone+ |
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Radiological signs of vertebral osteoporosis are:
- blurring of end plates of vertebral bodies - wedge-like compresssion of vertebral bodies - excavation of end plates of vertebral bodies - localised ostelysis of vertebral bodies |
Radiological signs of vertebral osteoporosis are:
- wedge-like compresssion of vertebral bodies+ - excavation of end plates of vertebral bodies+ |
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Typical osteoporotic fractures are:
- pertrochanteric fracture of femur - burst fracture of tibia - fracture of distal radius - scaphoid fracture |
Typical osteoporotic fractures are:
- pertrochanteric fracture of femur+ - fracture of distal radius+ |
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Rachitis, unlike osteoporosis, is characterised by:
- cup-like blurring of metaphyses - increased number of fractures - acceleration of bone aging - overproduction of osteoid |
Rachitis, unlike osteoporosis, is characterised by:
- cup-like blurring of metaphyses+ - overproduction of osteoid+ |
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Technics of bone densitometry are:
- DEXA - measurement of Singh´s index - Q CT - HRCT |
Technics of bone densitometry are:
- DEXA+ - Q CT+ |
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Which are used for treatment of osteoporosis:
- stroncium ranelate - bisphosphonates - chondroprotective drugs - corticoids |
Which are used for treatment of osteoporosis:
- stroncium ranelate+ - bisphosphonates+ |
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Marked osteoporosis may be seen in:
- Albers-Schonberg disease - osteogenesis imperfecta - morbus Cushing - fluorosis |
Marked osteoporosis may be seen in:
- osteogenesis imperfecta+ - morbus Cushing+ |
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Successful recalcification therapy is reflected on radiographs by:
- densification of growth areas in children - increase of BMD in adults - decrease of T-score - decrease of bone density |
Successful recalcification therapy is reflected on radiographs by:
- densification of growth areas in children+ - increase of BMD in adults+ |
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If fracture is suspected the following imaging methods can be used:
- radiography - ultrasound - CT - MRI |
If fracture is suspected the following imaging methods can be used:
- radiography+ - CT+ |
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Injury of following tissues may be verified by ultrasound:
- bone - tendon - cartilage - ligament |
Injury of following tissues may be verified by ultrasound:
- tendon+ - cartilage+ |
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Typical childhood fractures are:
- pertrochanteric - subperiostal - epiphyseolysis - Monteggia |
Typical childhood fractures are:
- subperiostal+ - epiphyseolysis+ |
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As avulsion fracture occurs in association with:
- femoral neck - olecranon - scaphoid - spina ilica anterior inferior |
As avulsion fracture occurs in association with:
- olecranon+ - spina ilica anterior inferior+ |
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Compressive fractures occur in:
- vertebral bodies - calcaneus - clavicle - metacarpals |
Compressive fractures occur in:
- vertebral bodies+ - calcaneus+ |
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Fissures are usually seen in:
- flat bones - skull bones - vertebral bodies - the coccyx |
Fissures are usually seen in:
- flat bones+ - skull bones+ |
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Fracture with many fragments is:
- comminutive - compressive - intraarticular - burst |
Fracture with many fragments is:
- comminutive+ - burst+ |
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Angular displacement of fragments can be:
- ad latus (transversal) - with impaction - valgus - varus |
Angular displacement of fragments can be:
- valgus+ - varus+ |
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In displacement of the ad longitudinem fragments can be:
- distracted - contracted - rotated - subluxated |
In displacement of the ad longitudinem fragments can be:
- distracted+ - rotated+ |
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As stress fractures can be classified:
- pathologic fractures - march fractures - greenstick fractures - fatigue fractures |
As stress fractures can be classified:
- march fractures+ - fatigue fractures+ |
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Callus in fracture healing is:
- periostal - endostal - subcortical - epiphyseal |
Callus in fracture healing is:
- periostal+ - endostal+ |
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As complication of fracture healing may be considered:
- avascular necrosis - osteomyelitis - osteosclerosis - osteomalacia |
As complication of fracture healing may be considered:
- avascular necrosis+ - osteomyelitis+ |
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To verify an occult fracture we can use:
- repeated radiograph - CT - MRI - contrast examination |
To verify an occult fracture we can use:
- CT+ - MRI+ |
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In recurrent dislocation of shoulder we look for:
- Hill-Sachs lesion of humeral head - Bankart lesion of glenoid - Salter-Harris chondral lesion - SLAP lesion of glenoid labrum |
In recurrent dislocation of shoulder we look for:
- Hill-Sachs lesion of humeral head+ - Bankart lesion of glenoid+ |
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In Monteggia fracture we find:
- fracture of radius - fracture of ulna - dislocation of radial head - distal radio-ulnar subluxation |
In Monteggia fracture we find:
- fracture of ulna+ - dislocation of radial head+ |
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Total endoprosthesis (arthroplasty) can have:
- one component - two components - three components - more components |
Total endoprosthesis (arthroplasty) can have:
- two components+ - three components+ |
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Cervicocapital endoprosthesis (hemiarthroplasty) can be used in replacement of :
- hip - knee - shoulder - ankle |
Cervicocapital endoprosthesis (hemiarthroplasty) can be used in replacement of :
- hip+ - shoulder+ |
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Indication for hip joint replacement is:
- femoral head necrosis - osteomyelitis - advanced osteoarthritis - morbus Perthes |
Indication for hip joint replacement is:
- femoral head necrosis+ - advanced osteoarthritis+ |
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“Halo effect“ makes difficult assessment of prosthesis loosening:
- on radiographic film - on digital radiography - on conventional tomography - on CT |
“Halo effect“ makes difficult assessment of prosthesis loosening:
- on digital radiography+ - on CT+ |
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Varus position of femoral component in hip endoprosthesis leads to:
- break of prosthesis - loosening of femoral component - perforation of the tip of component - aseptic necrosis |
Varus position of femoral component in hip endoprosthesis leads to:
- loosening of femoral component+ - perforation of the tip of component+ |
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X-ray sign of aseptic loosening of endoprosthesis is:
- soft rim - hard rim - migration of prosthesis - osteoporosis |
X-ray sign of aseptic loosening of endoprosthesis is:
- soft rim+ - migration of prosthesis+ |
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In loosening of femoral component we can find:
- periostal reaction - sclerotisation - focal osteolysis - fistulisation |
In loosening of femoral component we can find:
- periostal reaction+ - focal osteolysis+ |
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Paraarticular ossifications around the endoprosthesis:
- appear in acute infection - appear in creeping infections - restrict the joint movement - preceed the periprosthetic fracture |
Paraarticular ossifications around the endoprosthesis:
- appear in creeping infections+ - restrict the joint movement+ |
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Girdlestone operation:
- is a simple extraction of endoprosthesis - is indicated in periprosthetic fracture - is indicated in infected prosthesis - means re-implatation of prosthesis |
Girdlestone operation:
- is a simple extraction of endoprosthesis+ - is indicated in infected prosthesis+ |
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Harris acetabuloplasty:
- is indicated after prosthesis extraction - means supra-acetabular graft implantation - means infra-acetabular graft implantation - prevents femoral component dislocation |
Harris acetabuloplasty:
- means supra-acetabular graft implantation+ - prevents femoral component dislocation+ |