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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Further poison (toxic substance) absorption can be prevented:
- through emesis induction (in oral intoxications) - by giving absorbing substances (Carbo medicinalis) - by forced diuresis - by hemodialysis |
Further poison (toxic substance) absorption can be prevented:
- through emesis induction (in oral intoxications)+ - by giving absorbing substances (Carbo medicinalis)+ |
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Which are SPECIFIC antidotes used in poisoning (intoxication) treatment:
- naloxone - magnesium sulphate (10% solution) or sorbitol (40% solution) - alcohol (ethanol) - Carbo medicinalis |
Which are SPECIFIC antidotes used in poisoning (intoxication) treatment:
- naloxone+ - alcohol (ethanol)+ |
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In salicylate or barbiturate intoxication (=slight acids):
- slight urine acidification can speed up their elimination (using IV bolus of 1 mmol acetic acid) - slight urine alkalization can speed up their elimination (using IV bolus of 1 mmol sodium bicarbonate) - hemoperfusion can be used for their elimination - a specific antidote can be used |
In salicylate or barbiturate intoxication (=slight acids):
- slight urine alkalization can speed up their elimination (using IV bolus of 1 mmol sodium bicarbonate)+ - hemoperfusion can be used for their elimination+ |
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In organophosphate intoxication (insecticides – DDT, chemical weapons etc.):
- the patient has dry mouth, mydriasis, increased heart rate and body temperature - a specific antidote can be used – atropine - only symptomatic and non-specific treatment can be used (no specific antidote) - the patient has typical signs of cholinomimetic/parasympathomimetic overdose |
In organophosphate intoxication (insecticides – DDT, chemical weapons etc.):
- a specific antidote can be used – atropine+ - the patient has typical signs of cholinomimetic/parasympathomimetic overdose+ |
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Forced diuresis:
- means that a certain amount of the patients whole blood is removed and replaced with another volume of whole blood - represents a convenient and safe detoxification method especially in cardiac patients or in changed ion or acid-base balance - is used to speed up elimination of toxic substance in an intoxicated patient - is achieved by increased hydration (oral or intravenous) and oral or IV diuretic administration |
Forced diuresis:
- is used to speed up elimination of toxic substance in an intoxicated patient+ - is achieved by increased hydration (oral or intravenous) and oral or IV diuretic administration+ |
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Hemodialysis:
- represents one of the most effective modes of toxic substance elimination - means that a certain amount of the patients whole blood is removed and replaced with another volume of whole blood - is well effective in long-lasting barbiturates, methanol, lithium or toadstool intoxications - cannot be used in remarkable acid-basic imbalances (e.g. acidosis) |
Hemodialysis:
- represents one of the most effective modes of toxic substance elimination+ - is well effective in long-lasting barbiturates, methanol, lithium or toadstool intoxications+ |
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A little school boy – has dry, warm scarlet skin, fever, dry mucosa (mouth, eyes), mydriasis, tachycardia, he is confused (intermittent coma):
- it is presumably organophosphates poisoning (e.g. DDT field spraying) - it is presumably poisoning with atropine or scopolamine containing plants (Atropa belladonna, Datura stramonium etc.) - atropine can be used as a specific antidote in this poisoning/overdose - physostigmine (=ACHEI) can be used as a specific antidote in this poisoning/overdose |
A little school boy – has dry, warm scarlet skin, fever, dry mucosa (mouth, eyes), mydriasis, tachycardia, he is confused (intermittent coma):
- it is presumably poisoning with atropine or scopolamine containing plants (Atropa belladonna, Datura stramonium etc.)+ - physostigmine (=ACHEI) can be used as a specific antidote in this poisoning/overdose+ |
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A young man in coma, shows gasping breath, bradycardia, hypotension, remarkable unresponsive miosis, syringe marks on the body:
- it is presumably opioid overdose - it is presumably benzodiazepine overdose - flumazenil can be used as a specific antidote in this poisoning - naloxone can be used as a specific antidote in this poisoning |
A young man in coma, shows gasping breath, bradycardia, hypotension, remarkable unresponsive miosis, syringe marks on the body:
- it is presumably opioid overdose+ - naloxone can be used as a specific antidote in this poisoning+ |
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In remarkable benzodiazepine overdose/intoxication (deep CNS depressor effect and strong muscle-relaxation) besides common precautions:
- naloxone can be used for deep central depressor effect reduction - acetylcysteine (ACC) can be used as a specific antidote - flumazenil can be used as a specific antidote - naloxone can be used as a specific antidote |
In remarkable benzodiazepine overdose/intoxication (deep CNS depressor effect and strong muscle-relaxation) besides common precautions:
- naloxone can be used for deep central depressor effect reduction+ - flumazenil can be used as a specific antidote+ |
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Paracetamol (acetaminophen):
- cannot be overdosed, it is very safe, broadly used and freely sold drug - if needed, it is used repeatedly in at a minimum of 4 h intervals between doses, maximum 4 g daily (eight 500 mg tablets) - if needed, it is used repeatedly in at a minimum of 8 h intervals between doses, maximum 10 g daily (twenty 500 mg tablets) - in children under 12 years of age the maximum daily dose is 2.6 g (60 mg/kg) |
Paracetamol (acetaminophen):
- if needed, it is used repeatedly in at a minimum of 4 h intervals between doses, maximum 4 g daily (eight 500 mg tablets)+ - in children under 12 years of age the maximum daily dose is 2.6 g (60 mg/kg)+ |
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Paracetamol (acetaminophen) intoxication:
- is practically out of the question, it is very safe and freely sold drug - atropine can be used as a specific antidote - can cause serious liver damage - acetylcysteine can be used as a specific antidote |
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) intoxication:
- can cause serious liver damage+ - acetylcysteine can be used as a specific antidote+ |
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Naloxone:
- is a partial agonist of opioid receptors - has short-lasting effects (about 60 minutes) - naloxone can be used for deep central depressor effect reduction in ehanol intoxication - can be used as a specific antidote in paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose |
Naloxone:
- has short-lasting effects (about 60 minutes)+ - naloxone can be used for deep central depressor effect reduction in ehanol intoxication + |
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Digoxin overdose/intoxication:
- is characterized by nausea, vomiting, restlessness, faintness, convulsions, tachycardia leading to serious arrhythmias, changed colour vision - is characterized by sedation, bradycardia, muscle relaxation, remarkable miosis - potassium supply is part of the overdose therapy - there is no specific antidote for digoxin overdose therapy |
Digoxin overdose/intoxication:
- is characterized by nausea, vomiting, restlessness, faintness, convulsions, tachycardia leading to serious arrhythmias, changed colour vision+ - potassium supply is part of the overdose therapy+ |
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Acute intoxication with amphetamine derivates (methamphetamine = Pervitin, MDMA etc.):
- amphetamine derivates in their pure form (without admixtures or dash) have practically no risks of rhabdomyolysis or disseminative intravascular coagulation - is characterized by cardiovascular system stimulation and central stimulation, hyperactivity, mydriasis, sweating, hyperthermia, sometimes hallucinations - intoxication therapy is only symptomatic, no specific antidote is at the disposal - methamphetamine (Pervitin) intoxication is not life dangerous |
Acute intoxication with amphetamine derivates (methamphetamine = Pervitin, MDMA etc.):
- is characterized by cardiovascular system stimulation and central stimulation, hyperactivity, mydriasis, sweating, hyperthermia, sometimes hallucinations+ - intoxication therapy is only symptomatic, no specific antidote is at the disposal+ |
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Which are correct theses:
- atropine can be used as a specific antidote in toadstool (Amanita muscarine) intoxication - physostigmine can be used as a specific antidote in organophosphates (DDT) poisoning - atropine can be used as a specific antidote in consumption of part of plants - Atropa belladonna or Datura stramonium - alcohol (ethanol) can be used as a specific antidote in methanol consumption/overdose |
Which are correct theses:
- atropine can be used as a specific antidote in toadstool (Amanita muscarine) intoxication+ - alcohol (ethanol) can be used as a specific antidote in methanol consumption/overdose+ |
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In alcohol (ethanol) intoxication:
- a serious intoxication (blood alcohol over 3.0 ‰) is characterized by central excitation, cardiovascular stimulation, sweating, hyperthermia - a serious intoxication (blood alcohol over 3.0 ‰) is characterized by deep sedation, somnolence, ataxia, even coma, respiratory depression, hypothermia, frequently hypoglycaemia - clomethiazole or tiapride can be used for pacification of aggressive alcohol intoxicated patient - atropine can be used for central depressor effect reduction |
In alcohol (ethanol) intoxication:
- a serious intoxication (blood alcohol over 3.0 ‰) is characterized by deep sedation, somnolence, ataxia, even coma, respiratory depression, hypothermia, frequently hypoglycaemia+ - clomethiazole or tiapride can be used for pacification of aggressive alcohol intoxicated patient+ |