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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
For brain death confirmation following radiopharmaceuticals should be used:
- freely crossing blood-brain barrier - Tc-99m pertechnetate, Tc-99m DTPA - lipophylic substances like Tc-99m HMPAO, Tc-99m ECD - I-123 IBZM, I-123 DaTSCAN |
For brain death confirmation following radiopharmaceuticals should be used:
- freely crossing blood-brain barrier+ - lipophylic substances like Tc-99m HMPAO, Tc-99m ECD+ |
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For brain death confirmation which of the following scintigraphic examinations is required according to law due to transplantation reasons:
- bone scan of the skull - brain perfusion scintigraphy with Tc-99m labeled lipophilic tracers - brain perfusion scintigraphy with Tc-99m pertechnetate - brain perfusion scintigraphy with radiopharmaceuticals which freely cross blood-brain barrier |
For brain death confirmation which of the following scintigraphic examinations is required according to law due to transplantation reasons:
- brain perfusion scintigraphy with Tc-99m labeled lipophilic tracers+ - brain perfusion scintigraphy with radiopharmaceuticals which freely cross blood-brain barrier+ |
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Tc-99m HMPAO is:
- a radiopharmaceutical which bind brain transporters - a lipophIlic radiopharmaceutical crossing intact blood-brain barrier, it is fixed by conversion into a hydrophyllic substance in the brain tissue - a radiopharmaceutical used for dopamine postsynaptic D2 receptors imaging - a radiopharmaceutical used for regional brain perfusion imaging |
Tc-99m HMPAO is:
- a lipophIlic radiopharmaceutical crossing intact blood-brain barrier, it is fixed by conversion into a hydrophyllic substance in the brain tissue+ - a radiopharmaceutical used for regional brain perfusion imaging+ |
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Brain perfusion scintigraphy is not indicated for:
- measurement of dopamine receptors density - measurement of cerebrovascular reserve - confirmation of brain death - differentiation of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke |
Brain perfusion scintigraphy is not indicated for:
- measurement of dopamine receptors density+ - differentiation of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke+ |
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Brain perfusion scintigraphy in traumatology is useful:
- in acute phase of serious brain contusion - in minor accidents to verify brain injury - in moderate accidents in later stage to detect extent of brain injury - it is not useful at all |
Brain perfusion scintigraphy in traumatology is useful:
- in minor accidents to verify brain injury+ - in moderate accidents in later stage to detect extent of brain injury+ |
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What is detected physiologically in cisternography:
- brain ventricles within 1 hour - basal cisterns within 1 to 2 hours - interhemispherical space after 24 hours - liquor space above the hemispheres within 24 hours |
What is detected physiologically in cisternography:
- basal cisterns within 1 to 2 hours+ - liquor space above the hemispheres within 24 hours+ |
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Where is radiopharmaceutical injected for radionuclide cisternography:
- intravenously - into the liquor space - subcutaneously - suboccipitaly |
Where is radiopharmaceutical injected for radionuclide cisternography:
- into the liquor space+ - suboccipitaly+ |
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How are radionuclide cisternography images acquired :
- with SPECT technique - planar images of the head in anterior and both lateral views - sequential multistatic planar imaging within 24 to 48 hours - dynamic scintigraphy for 2 hours after intravenous injection |
How are radionuclide cisternography images acquired :
- planar images of the head in anterior and both lateral views+ - sequential multistatic planar imaging within 24 to 48 hours+ |
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Which radiopharmaceuticals can be used for dynamic kidney scintigraphy:
- I-123 iophlupan - Tc-99m MAG3 - Tc-99m pertechnetate - Tc-99m DTPA |
Which radiopharmaceuticals can be used for dynamic kidney scintigraphy:
- Tc-99m MAG3+ - Tc-99m DTPA+ |
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Which radiopharmaceutical is used for renal cortical imaging (renal parenchyma):
- Tc-99m dimerkaptosuccinic acid - Tc-99m HDP - Tc-99m HMPAO - Tc-99m DMSA |
Which radiopharmaceutical is used for renal cortical imaging (renal parenchyma):
- Tc-99m dimerkaptosuccinic acid+ - Tc-99m DMSA+ |
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Imaging of dynamic kidney scintigraphy begins:
- 1 minute after injection of radiopharmaceutical - simultaneously with injection of radiopharmaceutical - 10 minutes after injection of radiopharmaceutical - just before injection of radiopharmaceutical |
Imaging of dynamic kidney scintigraphy begins:
- simultaneously with injection of radiopharmaceutical+ - just before injection of radiopharmaceutical+ |
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When does imaging in static renal scintigraphy begin?
- simultaneously with injection of radiopharmaceutical - 2 hours after injection of radiopharmaceutical - 3 hours after injection of radiopharmaceutical - 24 hours after injection of radiopharmaceutical |
When does imaging in static renal scintigraphy begin?
- 2 hours after injection of radiopharmaceutical+ - 3 hours after injection of radiopharmaceutical+ |
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Basic prerequisities for dynamic kideny scintigraphy are:
- good patient hydration - voiding just before imaging - supression of thyroid gland - sedation in children |
Basic prerequisities for dynamic kideny scintigraphy are:
- good patient hydration+ - voiding just before imaging+ |
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Testicular scintigraphy can be used:
- to differentiate tumor and hydrocele - to diagnose epididymitis - to diagnose late stage of testicular torsion - in acute phase of testicular torsion |
Testicular scintigraphy can be used:
- to diagnose epididymitis+ - in acute phase of testicular torsion+ |
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Which radiopharmaceutical is used for testicular scintigraphy:
- Tc-99m pertechnetate - Tc-99m MAG3 - Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate - Tc-99m DTPA |
Which radiopharmaceutical is used for testicular scintigraphy:
- Tc-99m pertechnetate+ - Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate+ |
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Patient preparation for dynamic kideny scintigraphy includes:
- nothing per os for 24 hours - reduced drinking 2 hours before examination - emptying of urinary bladder - good hydration (at least half liter of beverage) |
Patient preparation for dynamic kideny scintigraphy includes:
- emptying of urinary bladder+ - good hydration (at least half liter of beverage)+ |
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What is typical for late stage of testicular torsion on scintigraphy:
- defect with a rim of increased accumulation (donut shape) in the involved testis - markedly increased diffuse accumulation in the involved testis - defect of (reduced) accumulation detected 30 minutes post injection - increased accumulation in the surroundings of testis which does not accumulate radiopharmaceutical |
What is typical for late stage of testicular torsion on scintigraphy:
- defect with a rim of increased accumulation (donut shape) in the involved testis+ - increased accumulation in the surroundings of testis which does not accumulate radiopharmaceutical+ |
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Diffuse increase of radioactivity in the painful testis on scintigraphy is probably the sign of:
- late stage of torsion - seminoma - epididymitis - hydrocele |
Diffuse increase of radioactivity in the painful testis on scintigraphy is probably the sign of:
- late stage of torsion+ - epididymitis+ |
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We can use following radiopharmaceuticals for inflammation imaging:
- labeled leukocytes - labeled thrombocytes - Ga-67 citrate or F-18 FDG - labeled erythrocytes |
We can use following radiopharmaceuticals for inflammation imaging:
- labeled leukocytes+ - Ga-67 citrate or F-18 FDG+ |
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The main indication for labeled leukocytes scintigraphy is:
- acute fracture of long bones - inflammatory complications of joint prostheses - differential diagnosis of traumatic and degenerative changes - osteomyelitis of peripheral bones |
The main indication for labeled leukocytes scintigraphy is:
- inflammatory complications of joint prostheses+ - osteomyelitis of peripheral bones+ |
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Acute peripheral bone osteomyelitis shows:
- positive in all three phases of bone scan - increased accumulation of Tc-99m MIBI - increased accumulation of labeled leukocytes - decreased accumulation of labeled leukocytes |
Acute peripheral bone osteomyelitis shows:
- positive in all three phases of bone scan+ - increased accumulation of labeled leukocytes+ |
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In patients with suspected osteomyelitis of peripheral bones, which of the following radionuclide methods can be useful:
- in vitro labeled leukocytes scintigraphy - Tc-99m MIBI scintigraphy - I-123 MIBG scintigraphy - Tc-99m labeled monoclonal antibodies against leukocytes |
In patients with suspected osteomyelitis of peripheral bones, which of the following radionuclide methods can be useful:
- in vitro labeled leukocytes scintigraphy+ - Tc-99m labeled monoclonal antibodies against leukocytes+ |
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Accumulation of Tc-99m labeled biphosphonates in bone tissue depends on:
- local blood flow and capillary permeability - properties of the radiopharmaceutical used - metabolic activity of bony cells (osteoblasts and osteoclasts) and turnover of bony minerals - volume of surrounding soft tissue |
Accumulation of Tc-99m labeled biphosphonates in bone tissue depends on:
- local blood flow and capillary permeability+ - metabolic activity of bony cells (osteoblasts and osteoclasts) and turnover of bony minerals+ |
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Spinal cord fractures can be diagnosed by:
- MRI - three phase bone scan - planar scintigraphy with Tc-99m HMPAO - ultrasonography |
Spinal cord fractures can be diagnosed by:
- MRI+ - three phase bone scan+ |
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Injury of the following organs can be detected by scintigraphy:
- kidneys and liver - lungs and gut - spleen and brain - muscles and ligaments |
Injury of the following organs can be detected by scintigraphy:
- kidneys and liver+ - spleen and brain+ |
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Imaging in three-phase bone scan is routinely performed:
- immediately and 2–3 minutes after injection of radiopharmaceutical - 30 minutes after injection of radiopharmaceutical - 1 hour after injection of radiopharmaceutical - 2–3 hours after injection of radiopharmaceutical |
Imaging in three-phase bone scan is routinely performed:
- immediately and 2–3 minutes after injection of radiopharmaceutical+ - 2–3 hours after injection of radiopharmaceutical+ |
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Pathological changes in bones can be presented as:
- decreased accumulation of radiopharmaceutical - increased accumulation of radiopharmaceutical - diffusely increased accumulation around the bone - there is no change in the level of accumulation comparing to normal bone |
Pathological changes in bones can be presented as:
- decreased accumulation of radiopharmaceutical+ - increased accumulation of radiopharmaceutical+ |
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We can exclude bone fracture if:
- there is increased accumulation in the site of injury - bone scan performed a week after injury is negative - decreased accumulation in the site of injury - bone scan is not useful to diagnose bone fracture |
We can exclude bone fracture if:
- bone scan performed a week after injury is negative+ - decreased accumulation in the site of injury+ |
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How long after a fracture bone scan usually normalized:
- one month - half year - one year - it can be positive for a different time longer than one year |
How long after a fracture bone scan usually normalized:
- one year+ - it can be positive for a different time longer than one year+ |
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Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (Sudeck) in the early stage looks like:
- diffusely increased blood flow including blood pool in the extremities - decreased blood flow in the extremities - increased bone accumulation in more sites of extremity, namely near the joints - there are no changes in bone scan |
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (Sudeck) in the early stage looks like:
- diffusely increased blood flow including blood pool in the extremities+ - increased bone accumulation in more sites of extremity, namely near the joints+ |
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Parenchymal organ injury (liver, kidney) looks like:
- defect in (reduced) appropriate radiopharmaceutical accumulation - increased of radiopharmaceutical accumulation - photopenic area in the organ - these injuries are unable to be detected by scintigraphy |
Parenchymal organ injury (liver, kidney) looks like:
- defect in (reduced) appropriate radiopharmaceutical accumulation+ - photopenic area in the organ+ |
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Which method can be used to detect cerebrospinal fluid leak:
- measurement of pludgets soaked with the secretion - brain perfusion scintigraphy with SPECT imaging - radionuclide cisternography - bone scan of the scull |
Which method can be used to detect cerebrospinal fluid leak:
- measurement of pludgets soaked with the secretion+ - radionuclide cisternography+ |
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We can use radionuclide methods for the detection of injury of following organs:
- bones and brain - muscles, ligaments, menisci - internal organs – liver, spleen, kidneys - hollow organs – intestine |
We can use radionuclide methods for the detection of injury of following organs:
- bones and brain+ - internal organs – liver, spleen, kidneys+ |
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What is the patient preparation for bone scan:
- nothing per os - good hydration - no meal and beveridges 6 hours before examination - frequent voiding after radiopharmaceutical injection |
What is the patient preparation for bone scan:
- good hydration+ - frequent voiding after radiopharmaceutical injection+ |
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What are the main indications for bone scan:
- fractures of specific localizations - suspicion of muscle rupture - stress fractures, avulsion and contusion - joint luxation |
What are the main indications for bone scan:
- fractures of specific localizations+ - stress fractures, avulsion and contusion+ |
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What can be seen on imaging methods in bone contusion:
- x-ray negative, MRI bleeding into the bone marrow - x-ray positive after several days - three-phase bone scan positive in all three phases - MRI detect disruption of trabecular bone |
What can be seen on imaging methods in bone contusion:
- x-ray negative, MRI bleeding into the bone marrow+ - three-phase bone scan positive in all three phases+ |
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What is the pattern of plantar fasciitis on scintigraphy:
- normal finding - increased blood-pool - increased bone metabolic activity in the back lower part of calcaneus - all three phases are positive in the anterior part of foot |
What is the pattern of plantar fasciitis on scintigraphy:
- increased blood-pool+ - increased bone metabolic activity in the back lower part of calcaneus+ |
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Following radio-nuclei methods can be used for detection of bile leak:
- dynamic liver and bile scintigraphy - static liver scintigraphy - cholescintigraphy with Tc-99m IDA - scintigraphy of abdominal cavity |
Following radio-nuclei methods can be used for detection of bile leak:
- dynamic liver and bile scintigraphy+ - cholescintigraphy with Tc-99m IDA+ |
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Static liver scintigraphy can be used for:
- liver trauma – rupture, hematoma - injury of bile ducts - suspective splenosis - suspective of diafragm rupture |
Static liver scintigraphy can be used for:
- liver trauma – rupture, hematoma+ - suspective splenosis+ |
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What is the pattern of avascular necrosis on bone scan:
- bone scan is negative - defect of accumulation is present at early stage - diffusely increased accumulation is present 1 to 3 weeks later - all three phases are positive at early stage |
What is the pattern of avascular necrosis on bone scan:
- defect of accumulation is present at early stage+ - diffusely increased accumulation is present 1 to 3 weeks later+ |