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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ALTRUISTIC BEHAVIOR
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Behavior that benefits someone other than the individual engaging in the behavior.
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ARTIFICIAL SELECTION
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Change in a population's genetic frequencies as a result of breeder's selection of desired individuals for mating.
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AUTOSOMAL GENE
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Any gene on any chromosome that is NOT a sex ( X & Y ) chromosome.
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BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
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Study of physiological, evolutionary, & developmental mechanisms of behavior & experience.
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CHROMOSOME
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Gene bearing DNA strand.
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CROSSING OVER
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Exchange of parts between 2 chromosomes during replication.
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DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID ( DNA )
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Double-stranded chemical chromosomes are composed of this; template for RNA synthesis.
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DOMINANT GENE
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Gene that shows strong effect on both homo and heterozygous conditions.
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DUALISM
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Belief that mind & body exist indepedently but somehow interact.
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"EASY" PROBLEMS
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Questions pertaining to certain concepts of consciousness; difference between awake & asleep, attention mechanisms.
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ENZYME
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Any proteins that catalyze biological reactions.
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EVOLUTION
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Change in genetic frequency / variety of a population over generations.
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EVOLUTIONARY EXPLANATION
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Understanding a species in terms of evolutionary history; what evolved from what.
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FITNESS
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Number of copies of one's genes that endure in later generations.
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FUNCTIONAL EXPLANATION
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Understanding why a structure or behavior evolved the way it did; why something served as an advantage and therefore evolutionarily selected.
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GENE
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Unit of heredity that maintains its structural identity from one generation to the next.
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"HARD" PROBLEM
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Philosophical questions of why & how brain activity is associated with consciousness.
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HERITABILITY
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An estimate ranging from 0-1.0 of how much of the variance in a population is due to heredity, rather than environment. (Nature over nuture)
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HETEROZYGOUS
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Having 2 unlike genes for a given trait.
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HOMOZYGOUS
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Having 2 identical genes for a given trait.
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IDENTITY POSITION
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View that mental processes are the same as brain processes but are called by different terms.
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KIN SELECTION
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Selection for a gene because it benefits individual's relatives.
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LAMARCKIAN EVOLUTION
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A discredited theory that evolutionn proceeds through the inheritance of acquired characteristics.
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MATERIALISM
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View that everything that exists is material or physical.
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MENTALISM
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View that only the mind exists.
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MIND-BODY / MIND-BRAIN PROBLEM
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Question of how the mind is related to the brain.
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MONISM
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The theory that mental & physical substances are the same; opposite of dualism.
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MULTIPLIER EFFECT
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A tendency for small genetic / prenatal influences to alter the environment in a way that the change is magnified.
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MUTATION
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The change in a gene during reproduction.
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ONTOGENIC EXPLANATION
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Understanding a structure or behavior in terms of how it developed.
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PHENYLKETONURIA ( PKU )
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The inherited inability to metabolize a phenylalanine leading to mental retardation unless the afflicted person stays on a strict low phenylalanine diet throughout childhood.
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PHYSIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION
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Understanding a behavior in terms of how it is related to the activity of the brain and other organs.
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PROBLEM OF OTHER MINDS
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Difficulty in knowing whether other people / animals have conciousness.
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RECESSIVE GENE
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A gene that affects a homozygous condition, but not heterozygous.
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RECOMBINATION
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Reassortment of genes during reproduction leading to a characteristic not apparent in either parent.
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RIBONUCLEIC ACID ( RNA )
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A single strand chemical that serves as a template for the synthesis of protein molecules.
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SEX-LIMITED GENE
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A gene that primarily influences one sex.
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SOCIOBIOLOGY
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The field concerned with how & why various social behaviors evolved.
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SOLIPSISM
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The philosophical position of 'I alone exist -- I alone am concious'.
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X CHROMOSOME
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Chromosome of which female mammals have 2 and males have 1.
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Y CHROMOSOME
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Chromosome of which male mammals have 1 and females have none.
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