Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
acetyl CoA
|
combination of an acetyl group derived from pyruvic acid and coenzyme A, which is made from pantothenic acid (a B-group vitamin) |
|
aerobic respiration
|
process in which organisms convert energy in the presence of oxygen |
|
anaerobic
|
process that does not use oxygen |
|
anaerobic
|
cellular respiration process in which organisms convert energy for their use in the absence of oxygen |
|
ATP synthase
|
membrane-embedded protein complex that adds a phosphate to ADP with energy from protons diffusing through it, also known as F1F0 ATP synthase |
|
chemiosmosis
|
process in which there is a production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cellular metabolism by the involvement of a proton gradient across a membrane |
|
citric acid cycle
|
series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions of central importance in all living cells, also known as Krebs cycle |
|
dephosphorylation
|
removal of a phosphate group from a molecule
|
|
fermentation
|
process of regenerating NAD+ with either an inorganic or organic compound serving as the final electron acceptor, occurs in the absence of oxygen
|
|
GLUT protein
|
integral membrane protein that transports glucose
|
|
glycolysis
|
process of breaking glucose into two three-carbon molecules with the production of ATP and NADH
|
|
isomerase
|
enzyme that converts a molecule into its isomer
|
|
Krebs cycle
|
alternate name for the citric acid cycle, named after Hans Krebs who first identified the steps in the pathway in the 1930s in pigeon flight muscles; also known as the citric acid cycle
|
|
oxidative phosphorylation
|
production of ATP using the process of chemiosmosis and oxygen phosphorylation addition of a high-energy phosphate to a compound, usually a metabolic intermediate, a protein, or ADP
|
|
prosthetic group
|
molecule bound to a protein that facilitates the function of the protein; also known as prosthetic cofactor
|
|
pyruvate
|
three-carbon sugar that can be decarboxylated and oxidized to make acetyl CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle under aerobic conditions; the end product of glycolysis
|
|
redox reaction
|
chemical reaction that consists of the coupling of an oxidation reaction and a reduction reaction
|
|
substrate-level phosphorylation
|
production of ATP from ADP using the excess energy from a chemical reaction and a phosphate group from a reactant
|
|
TCA cycle
|
alternate name for the citric acid cycle, named after the group name for citric acid, tricarboxylic acid (TCA)
|
|
ubiquinone
|
soluble electron transporter in the electron transport chain that connects the first or second complex to the third
|