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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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lysis syndrome |
Large amounts of phosphate, potassium, and uric acid are released into the circulation from lysed cells |
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Start |
1-Acute leukemia is the most common 2-(CNS) tumors, 3-lymphomas, 4-sarcomas of soft tissue and bone |
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Lactate dehydrogenase and uric acid are often elevated in fast-growing tumors |
Urine homovanillic acid and vanillylmandelic acid = neuroblastoma AFP = hepatoblastoma |
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Chemo drug SE |
-Doxorubicin = cardiac damage -cisplatin = renal damage&ototoxicity -cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide =hemorrhagic cystitis -vincristine =peripheral neuropathy |
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NHL types |
3 types
1-small noncleaved cell (Burkitt lymphoma [BL]), 2-lymphoblastic, 3-large cell.
For simplicity, these may be regarded as B cell, T cell, and large cell (which may be of B-cell or T-cell origin |
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HL classification Reed sternberg cell |
stage, nodal bulk, the presence of B symptoms, the serum albumin at presentation |
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M/F ratio |
medulloblastoma and ependymoma, males are more affected than females |
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MS stage neuroblastoma |
unique category of neuroblastoma, stage MS, is defined in infants (<18 months old) with metastases limited to skin, liver, or bone marrow. It is generally associated with a favorable outcome. |
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sarcoma |
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children, is derived from mesenchymal cells of muscle lineage |
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Bone morrow biopsy |
Leukemia > 25% Lymphoma 5%-25% |
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Transient myeloproliferative disorderTMD |
megakoryoblast in pre smear 80%Spontinous regression 3-7 months 20%-30% TMD develop AML by 4 year of age |
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AML |
Gingival hypertrophy unique but rare |
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Burkitt lymphoma |
starry sky |
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Neoroblastoma |
MIBG scan |
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NF1 |
optic nerve glioma |
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Typhlitis Neutropenic entrocolitis |
polymictobial severe ANC Dx CT abdomen |
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Retinoblastoma |
Rb gene analysis |
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Mediastinal mass |
Anterior = lymphoma leukemia Posterior = neuroblastoma , ganglioneriblastoma , ganglioneuroma |
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EMergency radiation therapy |
SVCS spinal cord compression Inceased ICP |
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Pulmonary fibrosis is a side effect of |
Bleomycin |
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cardiomyopathy may be related to |
anthracycline |
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topoisomerase II inhibitors |
⬆ risk of leukemia |
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The MOST common chromosomal translocation in pediatric ALL t(12;21 |
20% Good prognosis |
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The commonest translocation in infantile ALL is |
t (4:11) |
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very high risk group ALL |
Hypodiplopy t(9:11) dislocation |
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histopathological subtype in childhood Hodgkin disease |
10% to 15% have lymphocyte predominant, 50% to 60% have nodular sclerosis, 30% have mixed cellularity, and less than 5% have lymphocyte depletion |
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cerebellar astrocytoma |
most common cns tumor 20% |
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Cerebellar mutism syndrome |
25% after posterior fosso resection |
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hereditary retinoblastoma have an increased risk for |
osteosarcoma 500 fold |
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MOST common site for Ewing sarcoma is |
pelvis & femur |
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common site for osteosarcoma is |
distal femor , proximal tibia |
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ewing sarcoma vs osteosarcoma |
systemic Sx in ewing |
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metastasis of osteosarcoma is |
to lungs |
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Drug causes secondry malignancy |
etoposide early within 2 year cyclophosphonamide within 5 years |
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aniridia and hemihypertrophy i |
Wilm's tumor |
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granulocytic sarcoma mass AML |
t(8:21) |
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recombinant urate oxidase |
Tx tumor lysis syndrome |
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round blue cells |
A. neuroblastoma B. non-Hodgkin lymphoma D. Ewing sarcoma E. rhabdomyosarcoma |
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stage 4 s neuroblastoma Pepper syndrome |
infant <1 year , subc.nodules , massive liver envolvment ,limited bone morrow disease , no bone mets |
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mesoblastic nephroma |
before 6 mnths wilm's after 6 month |
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clear cell sarcoma mets |
Bone frist |
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rhabdomyosarcoma |
Alveolar trunk & extrimities |
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osteosarcoma |
radio- resistance |
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confirmatory diagnostic evaluation of retinoblastoma |
examination under general anesthesia by an experienced ophthalmologist |
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alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level |
8 months |
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chemotherapeutic agent in GCTs |
Ciplastin |
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Hepatoblastoma |
familial adenomatous polyposis B. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome C. prematurity D. low birth weight epithelial type of pure fetal histology Best outcome |
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Hemangiomas |
Females premature infant of woman who had chorionic villus sampling |
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LCH |
Bone is the most common site of involvement by LCH. About 50% of patients experience skin involvement at some time during the course of disease. Localized or disseminated lymphadenopathy is present in approximately 33% of patients. Otitis media is present in 30-40% of patients. In 10-15% of patients, pulmonary infiltrates are found on radiography. The lesions may range from diffuse fibrosis and disseminated nodular infiltrates to diffuse cystic changes |
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NF type 1 |
chromsome 17 |
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Teratoma Sacrococcygeal |
most commom brain tumor in neonates |
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chloroma |
AML t(8:21) |
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Acute premyolocytic leukemia t(15;17) |
DIC , AML M3 Auer rods , respons to retinoic acid |
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AML M7 |
down syndrom <5 years |
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alkylating agents cause malignancy |
Osteosarcoma & AML |
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Kaposi sarcoma Human herpes virus |
Cervical cncer , Human papilloma virus |
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carboplatin |
hearing loss D. Gonadal dysfunction and procarbazine |
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immature blast cells |
Dx leukemia |
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PH cromsome |
tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in Ph-positive ALL has resulted in significant improvements in outcomes |
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HL & NHL |
The etiologies are multifactorial; both congenital and acquired immuno- deficiencies are more commonly associated with NHL, the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been associated with both HL and NHL |
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Ependymoma |
Mean age 6 years , posterior phosso Younger poor prognosis Radiologically, it appears like a well-circumscribed lesion with variable enhancement |
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frieser syndrome |
Features of (Male pseudohermaphroditism with female external genitalia, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and gonadoblastoma) are linked to Wilms tumor |
