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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Organizational/internal context
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important individual differences at work->
individual-level work outcome |
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important individual differences at work
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Relatively fixed: intelligence, ability, personality
Relatively flexible: core self evaluations (self-esteem, self-efficacy, locus of control, emotional stability), attitudes, emotions |
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intelligence
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an individual's capacity for constructive thinking, reasoning, and problem solving
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Eight Intelligences by Howard Gardener
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1. Linguistic intelligence
2. logical-mathematical intelligence 3. musical intelligence 4. bodily-kinesthetic intelligence (potential to use mind and body to coordinate physical movement) 5. spacial intelligence (potential to recognize and use patterns) 6. interpersonal intelligence (potential to understand, connect with, and effectively work with others) 7. intrapersonal intelligence (potential to understand and regulate oneself) 8. naturalist intelligence (potential to live in harmony with one's environment) |
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practical intelligence
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the ability to solve everyday problems by utilizing knowledge gained from experience in order to purposefully adapt (change oneself), shape (change the environment), and select (finding a new environment).
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personality
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the combination of stable physical and mental characteristics that give the individual his or her identity.
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the big five personality dimensions
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1. extraversion (outgoing, talkative, sociable, assertive)
2. agreeableness (trusting, good-natured, cooperative, softhearted) 3. conscientiousness (dependable, responsible, achievement oriented, persistent) 4. emotional stability (relaxed, secure, unworried) 5. openness to experience (intellectual, imaginative, curious, broadminded) |
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proactive personality
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someone who is relatively unconstrained by situational forces and who effects environmental change. Proactive people identify opportunities and act on them, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful changes occurs.
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core self-evaluations
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represent a broad personality trait comprised of four narrower individual personality traits: (1) self esteem, (2) generalized self-efficacy, (3) locus of control, and (4) emotional stability
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self-esteem
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a belief about one's own self-worth based on an overall self-evaluation.
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self-efficacy
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a person's belief about his or her chances of successfully accomplishing a specific task.
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learned helplessness
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the severely debilitating belief that one has no control over one's environment.
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Figure 5-2
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pg. 127
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Self-efficacy requires constructive action in the following managerial areas:
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1. recruiting/job assignments
2. job design 3. training and development 4. self-management 5. goal setting and quality improvement 6. creativity 7. coaching 8. leadership 9. rewards |
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internal locus of control
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people who believe they control the events and circumstances that affect their lives are said to posses this.
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external locus of control
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those who believe their performance is the product of circumstances beyond their immediate control and tend to attribute outcomes to environmental causes, such as luck or fate, are said to posses this.
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differences between internals and externals
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internals display greater work motivation.
internals have stronger expectations that effort leads to performance. internals exhibit higher performance on tasks involving learning or problem solving, when performance leads to valued rewards. there is a stronger relationship between job satisfaction and performance for internals than for externals. internals obtain higher salaries and greater salary increases externals tend to be more anxious |
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emotional stability
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individuals with this tend to be relaxed, secure, unworried, and less likely to experience negative emotions under pressure.
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attitude
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a learned predisposition to respond in a consistently favorable or unfavorable manner with respect to a given object.
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affective component of an attitude
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contains the feeling or emotions one has about a given object or situation.
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cognitive component of an attitude
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reflects the evaluation or belief one has about an object or situation.
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behavioral component of an attitude
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refers to how one intends or expects to act toward someone or something.
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