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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
fibrocystic breast disease pathophys
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overreponsiveness of breast cells to hormonal stimulation may cause long term change = fibrous tissue
breasts feel hard, lumpy, painful |
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fibrocystic breast disease diagnosis and treatment
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id by palpation
analgesics - NSAIDs |
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mastitis pathophys
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breast infection with inflammation, result of injury and introduction of bacteria into breast
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mastitis treatment
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antibiotics
incision and drainage |
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mastitis care
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wash hands to avoid spread of infection
continue breastfeeding |
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malignant breast disorders etiology
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increasing age, personal, family history of breast cancer, high fat/high alcohol intake, treatment with estrogens, early menarche, late menopause, no pregnancy/late first pregnancy, no breastfeding
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malignant breast disorders diagnosis
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breast self exam
clinical breast exam mammography |
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malignant breast disorders staging
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spread by way of lymph nodes
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malignant breast disorders interventions
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radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, modifications of biological response, surgery
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radiation/chemo
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destroy rapidly reproducing cells
includes those lining mouth, vagina, GI tract - watch for bleeding |
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hormonal therapy
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decrease circulating estrogen levels
block use of estrogen by cancer cells tamoxifen citrate increased risk of osteoporosis and heart disease |
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mastectomy
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partial - only a part of breast
simple - remove breast tissue of one or both radical - removing breast tissue, underlying muscle, surrounding lymph nodes |
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breast modification surgery
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mammoplasty = surgical modification of breast
reduce or increase size, improve shape mastopexy = removal of some skin and fat and subsequent restructuring to correct sag |
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augmentation
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implant - silicone or saline
also use patients own tissues pedicale = little foot |
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breast modification complications
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infection
impaired healing silicone implants break - tend to use saline |
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breast modification nursing care and teaching
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failure of attachment
unnatural color of incision, graft, surronding tissues swelling, drainage, gaping of incision lines, sloughing of the graft |
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flow and cycle disorders causes
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stress
pregnancy hormonal imbalances loss of too much body fat tumors infections organ diseases blood/bone abnormalities foreign bodies |
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flow and cycle disorders diagnosis
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psp smear, cervical and vaginal cultures, laparoscopy, ultrasound, pregnancy testing, urine testing, blood testing
reproductive hormone levels tested first |
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flow and cycle disorders interventions
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manipulation of hormone levels
D&C, ablation, hysterectomy |
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flow and cycle disorders care
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weigh pads
1 g = 1 mL |
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dysmenorrhea
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painful menstruation
primary = endogenous prostoglandins stimulate uterine contractions = pain secondary = endometriosis, pelvic infection, retroversion of the uterus, fibroid tumors, reproductive disorders |
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dysmenorrhea diagnosis
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estrogen/progesterone levels
laparoscopic exam biopsies cultures other reproductive function tests |
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dysmenorrhea interventions
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aspirin
NSAIDs correct secondary cause hormonal adjustment - oral contraceptives, hormone replacement, dilation curettage |
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dysmenorrhea care
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aspirin, NSAIDS - read lables
uterine retroversion = knee to chest |
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premenstrual syndrome pathophys
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water retention, headaches, joint discomfort, muscles, breasts
changes in affect, concentration, coordination; sensory changes |
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PMS interventions
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drugs that affect prostaglandin production, hormonal balance, neurotransmitter production/reuptake
diuretics, supplements of Ca, Mg, Vitamin E, vitamin B6 |
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endometriosis pathophys
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functioning endometrial tissue located outside of uterus
faulty developmental differentiation of cells, transport of endometrial cells elsewhere, retrograde menstruation |
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endometriosis pain
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results from build up of blood and cells abnormally
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endometriosis interventions
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surgical intervention - scar tissue may develop into tight bands and strangle bowel/ureters
reduction of estrogen, prevention of ovulation analgesics |
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menopause pathophys
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permanent cessation of menstrual cycle, decreased hormone production
climacteric - period of gradual decline in hormone production |
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perimenopausal symptoms
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erratic menses, atrophy of urogenital tissues, decrease in natural lube
pH shift toward alkalinity vasomotor instability anxiety, insomnia, memory problems, mild depression |
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perimenopausal interventions
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HRT
conjugated estrogens, estradiol, medroxyprogesterone |
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perimenopause dietary changes
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phytoestrogens - soy, tofu, flax seeds, black cohash, dong quai
calcium and vitamin D to prevent osteoporosis |
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perimenopause complications
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resume vaginal bleeding after menstruation has ceased
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perimenopause care
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cope with symptoms
plan ahead for hot flashes treat vaginal symptoms with water based lubricant healthy diet light in caffeine, sugar, alcohol may still be fertile, use contraceptives |
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irritations/inflammation of vagina pathophys/etiology
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normal pH less than 4.2
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care and teaching of patient undergoing vaginal inflammation/irritation
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oral medication or local application of medication in cream, suppository, medicated douche
nurse may need to apply |
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toxic shock syndrome pathophys
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first id'd in 1978
superabsorbent tampons, nasal packings staph |
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toxic shock syndrome S&S
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sudden high fever with sore throat, headache, dizziness, confusion, redness of the palms, peeling of the skin, muscle weakness, muscle pain, GI upset
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TSS prevention
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rare
sub sanitary pads change tampons every 4 hours wash hands before inserting anything into vagina avoid tampons, female barrier contraceptives for first 12 weeks after giving birth |
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agenesis
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reproductive organs never developed
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hypoplasia
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reproductive tract portions underdeveloped
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imperforate
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expected openings do not develop
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diagnostic tests for disorders of development of genital organs
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ultrasonography
hysterosalpingography computed tomography magnetic resonance imaging endoscopic examinations |
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displacement disorders pathophys
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pelvic organs usually suspended by muscles and fascia
congenital defects, genetic inheritance |
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displacement disorders interventions
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pessary, kegels
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cystocele pathophys
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bladder says into vaginal space
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cystocele interventions
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kegels
pessary anterior colporrhaphy - surgical repair |
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rectocele
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portion of rectum says into vagina because of inadequate support
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rectocele S&S
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fecal incontinence, constipation, hemorrhoids
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rectocele interventions
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kegels
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uterine position disorders pathophys
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anteversion - too far forward
anteflexion - upper portion of uterus bends forward retroversion - uterus lies too far back retroflexion - uterus bends backward |
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uterine position disorders interventions
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pessary
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